Bubble Definition and 236 Threads

An economic bubble or asset bubble (sometimes also referred to as a speculative bubble, a market bubble, a price bubble, a financial bubble, a speculative mania, or a balloon) is a situation in which asset prices appear to be based on implausible or inconsistent views about the future. It could also be described as trade in an asset at a price or price range that strongly exceeds the asset's intrinsic value.
While some economists deny that bubbles occur, the causes of bubbles remain disputed by those who are convinced that asset prices often deviate strongly from intrinsic values.
Many explanations have been suggested, and research has recently shown that bubbles may appear even without uncertainty, speculation, or bounded rationality, in which case they can be called non-speculative bubbles or sunspot equilibria. In such cases, the bubbles may be argued to be rational, where investors at every point are fully compensated for the possibility that the bubble might collapse by higher returns. These approaches require that the timing of the bubble collapse can only be forecast probabilistically and the bubble process is often modelled using a Markov switching model. Similar explanations suggest that bubbles might ultimately be caused by processes of price coordination.
More recent theories of asset bubble formation suggest that these events are sociologically driven. For instance, explanations have focused on emerging social norms and the role that culturally-situated stories or narratives play in these events.
Because it is often difficult to observe intrinsic values in real-life markets, bubbles are often conclusively identified only in retrospect, once a sudden drop in prices has occurred. Such a drop is known as a crash or a bubble burst. In an economic bubble, prices can fluctuate erratically and become impossible to predict from supply and demand alone.
Asset bubbles are now widely regarded as a recurrent feature of modern economic history dating back as far as the 1600s. The Dutch Golden Age's tulip mania (in the mid-1630s) is often considered the first recorded economic bubble in history.
Both the boom and the bust phases of the bubble are examples of a positive feedback mechanism (in contrast to the negative feedback mechanism that determines the equilibrium price under normal market circumstances).

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  1. B

    I How we are in a matter dominated universe (without antimatter annihilation)

    Assuming the situation where there is an infinite inflation stream, from which bubble universes are appearing in locally slowed regions. There could be many many such bubble universes and so very rare occurrences in some bubbles can sometimes happen. Also assumed, as is often postulated, that...
  2. E

    I Parameter Integration of Bubble Integral

    Referring to this link : https://qcdloop.fnal.gov/bubg.pdf Using Mathematica Integrate command to solve it does not give the result stated here but I am unclear as to how they got to the result in the 4th line. It is clear that the integrand (1st line) can diverge for certain values of the...
  3. Onyx

    I Appearance of Warp Bubble Internal Volume to Distant Observer

    At a single moment of coordinate time ##t##, would a distant observer perceive a warp bubble's interior volume as blown up, or would it seem compressed? Looking in the catalogue of spacetimes at the static local tetrad of the Alcubierre metric, the ##e^x_{(x)}## leads me to think that a static...
  4. S

    Interpreting the various tracks in a hydrogen bubble chamber

    (a) I don't know how to identify which one is the anti-proton track. The anti-proton hits proton at point in the figure where all the lines are coming together but how to identify which one is anti-proton? Do I need to know a certain rule regarding the color of each particle? Thanks
  5. S

    I Could a bubble shield at L1 combat global warming?

    https://bgr.com/science/mit-scientists-think-theyve-discovered-how-to-fully-reverse-climate-change/
  6. J

    I Bubble universes and physical constants

    Hello, couple of questions about bubble universes and the physical constants. I understand in an eternal inflation scenario universes bubble off the original during the inflation phase. Firstly, according to this theory, does the new universe creation only happen at an early inflation phase of a...
  7. JD_PM

    A Cavitation: radius of a bubble for compressible flow

    The liquid-vapor mass transfer (evaporation and condensation) is governed by the vapor transport equation: $$\frac{\partial}{\partial t} (\alpha_l \rho) + \nabla \cdot (\alpha_l \rho \vec v) = \dot m^{+} + \dot m^{-}$$ In the incompressible flow case (constant density), it reduces to $$...
  8. P

    A Bubble nucleation and metastable vacuum

    Consider the decay in a quantum field theory from a metastable vacuum to the "true" vacuum. Here's i my understanding: 1. For a scalar field potential U(\phi), the transition amplitude is finite per unit volume for a finite energy splitting between the 2 classical minima of the potential...
  9. downeast

    Order of calculations for an air bubble system for dock de-icing

    My current project involves constructing an air bubble system to protect stationary docks from ice heave or ice jacking during the winter months. Ice jacking is the vertical lift as ice expands. When this grabs piles supporting stationary docks, it can wreak havoc. I am mainly confused as to...
  10. C

    A kind of strange Underwater Air Bubble question

    Hello, Something I’ve wondered about is those amazing air bubbles that are sometimes found in underwater caves. In particular, I was wondering how the depth of the water does or does not affects them. In my Figure 1 example, the water is 50 feet deep and air bubble in the cave has 3 feet of...
  11. DanielJ2021

    I Infinite space in a finite bubble, in a Tegmark Level 2 multiverse?

    So I am a layman in physics, I admit I am trying to grasp big ideas piecemeal via articles, wikipedia and YouTube. I don't pretend to be educated in this regard but I am curious and willing to learn! The idea of the multiverse intrigues me. Sidestepping for a second the fact that the idea has...
  12. I

    Comp Sci Matrix problem in java using bubble sort

    I have taken the variables as follows: A[][]=the matrix max=to store the maximum integer value present in the matrix min=to store the minimum integer value present in the matrix sum=to store the sum of boundary elements display()=methos to print matrix sort()=method to sort matrix in descending...
  13. John Greger

    A Obtain Normal Vector of Bubble Wall in Spacetime

    So say I have a bubble embedded in a spacetime with metric: $$ds^2 = -dt^2 + a(t) ( dr^2 + r^2 d\Omega^2_2) $$ how do I compute the normal vector if I assume the wall of the bubble the metric represents follows a time-like trajectory, for any ##a(t)##? Since we are interested in dynamical...
  14. T

    Why does the pressure of a gas bubble change as it rises?

    The correct answer is 'C'. I'm having trouble understanding the solution shown on this link (http://www.engineeringadmissionsassessment.com/2019-solutions.html) - scroll down to Section 2, Question 8. From what I've gathered, [final pressure = initial pressure x 'R^3/r^3'], as PV must be...
  15. K

    What Causes Bubble Oscillation According to Gauss's Law?

    From Gauss's Law give ##E=\dfrac{\sigma}{2\epsilon_0}## ##\therefore P_e=\dfrac{\sigma^2}{2\epsilon_0}## Consider at equilibrium (before bubble being charged) ##P_i=P_0+\dfrac{4S}{R}## Using Newton's 2nd Law ##\Sigma F=m\ddot{R}## Let ##R+\delta R## be the new radius Give (after binomial...
  16. T

    A Exploring Mysterious Bubbles of Nothing Eating Spacetime

    https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.vice.com/amp/en_uk/article/939g5p/physicists-are-studying-mysterious-bubbles-of-nothing-that-eat-spacetime As far as I know this article summarizes a paper. The paper explores an idea proposed by Written in 1982 about spacetime being unstable and forming a bubble...
  17. E

    Exploring Soap Bubble Oscillations: A Comparison of Force and Energy Approaches

    I have solved it with a force approach, but would like to know how to do it via an energy approach. For starters, here is the force approach. Consider a small, approximately circular, surface element of mass ##m## such that the angle from the centre to the edge of this element is ##\alpha##...
  18. mollwollfumble

    I Blowing Bubbles in Space: Can You Create a Giant Bubble in the Vacuum of Space?

    This is an experiment I would have liked to do from the ISS, but an approximation could be done in a vacuum chamber on Earth. How big a soap bubble, polymer bubble, or glass bubble could you blow in the vacuum of space? How to calculate the evaporation rate in vacuum? A liquid exposed to vacuum...
  19. R

    Need help- calculating clearing of bubbles from a microfluidic channel

    Hi All, I need some help to figure out how to best go about setting-up and analyzing a micro-fluidics design problem I ran across in my research. It's not the typical single-surface contact angle adhesion kind of analysis. Basically, I have a wide micro-fluidic channel that's formed by a...
  20. Sabra_a

    Determine the radius of a rising bubble

    Homework Statement: A small air bubble at the bottom of an open 4-m depth water tank has a radius of 0.5 mm. Due to some reason the bubble comes off the bottom. Determine the radius of the bubble when it is 0.1 m below the surface. Assume that the pressure inside the bubble is 2/r above the...
  21. S

    I Strain of of a bubble's surface interface during vibrations

    Imagine a bubble vibrating in air. Because it vibrates, it's interfacial area increases, thus new molecules are added and removed from the surface as it vibrates. Consider a molecule is initially at position X_0 at the interface, and over a certain amount of time molecules squeeze and disappear...
  22. A

    Bubble chamber experiment on a K− beam

    Hello everybody! Let's begin with the spin. Spin of the ##\Lambda## is ##1/2## and of the pion is ##0##: $$ \frac{1}{2} \otimes 0 = \frac{1}{2}$$ Since I know from the homework statement that ##L=1##: $$ \textbf{J} = \textbf{spin} \otimes \textbf{L} = \frac{1}{2} \otimes 1 = \frac{1}{2} \oplus...
  23. DarkSkinDude

    Combustion of an explosive liquid bubble

    Problem Statement: An explosive liquid at temperature 300 K contains a spherical bubble of radius 5 mm, full of its vapour. When a mechanical shock to the liquid causes adiabatic compression of the bubble, what radius of the bubble is required for combustion of the vapour, given that the vapour...
  24. Raihan amin

    Shape of a bubble inside a rotating container

    1. A closed cylindrical vessel filled with water (at room temperature) contains a small air bubble of normal pressure and volume ##V=1~{cm}^3## inside in it.The cylinder is then started to be rotated slowly with a small angular acceleration in a complete weightlessness (at a space station)...
  25. gibberingmouther

    Lasers Versus a Psychic Force Bubble

    I don't understand how lasers can cut glass since it's permeable to light. Is it because all glass has some imperfections in it? I'm assuming it does *not* work that way but if someone could explain, that would be really helpful. I mean, glass is used to focus lasers so it's odd that lasers...
  26. gibberingmouther

    Dragon Ball GURPS: Calculating Force Field Kinetic Energy

    So, I'm trying to figure out the math for my Dragon Ball GURPS-ification (GURPS is a tabletop system like Dungeons and Dragons). I might have other questions, but first I was thinking about how the personal force field should work. This is made out of ki fused into one flexible sort of bubble...
  27. L

    Why do bubbles of air in water move up?

    What I am confused about is why do bubbles of air in water move up. I understand why solids and liquids would move up in water if they are less dense. I get the idea that the deeper you go in water the more pressure there is because of the more water weighing down on the water and so there would...
  28. I

    The acceleration of a bubble in water

    Hi, I have a question about a rising bubble. I read that the initial acceleration of a bubble (with negligible mass) in water is 2g, where g is the gravitational acceleration. I understand that if a bubble rise then the water move around it, but I can't derive this equation. Could someone help...
  29. J

    Excess pressure inside a soap bubble

    Homework Statement Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution Excess pressure inside a spherical soap bubble is 4S/R . How to deal with the cylindrical shape ? Why does the question specify it to be "long" ?
  30. L

    B Bubble universes and infinite in extent

    I was watching a conference on YouTube about cosmology and one of the speakers was Anthony Aguirre. He was giving a lecture on different cosmological models that are infinite in time as well as space. Here is a link to one of his papers and one of the models he was presenting. There is not much...
  31. nomadreid

    I Inter-Bubble Connections in Inflationary Multiverse Models?

    I know this is getting into the highly speculative, but given the mathematics that has been done on versions of these concepts that are not known to be inconsistent: In the inflation concept which leads to a multiverse of the "bubble universes" type, in which the laws governing the space-time...
  32. Spinnor

    B New theory, our solar system formation, "space bubble"

    "There are various theories about how the solar system formed, but scientists haven't been able to agree on a single model that explains all the quirks of our corner of space as it exists today. Now, scientists at the University of Chicago have...
  33. D

    I Higbie's penetration theory in a bubble

    Hi pf, I was wondering about a bubble moving with constant velocity in a liquid, and how the motion affects the mass transfer. Since the viscosity of the gas is significantly smaller than the viscosity of the liquid, the condition ## \tau_{gas} = \tau_{liquid} ## tells me that $$ \mu_{gas} (...
  34. V

    Work done in expansion of a bubble

    Homework Statement as title Homework Equations force exerted by atmosphere on bubble = 2(on account of dual layer) * 2pi*r*L(surface tension) work is the integral of force *dx The Attempt at a Solution so we're looking at int ( 4pi*r*L *dr) but since not it 1 particle is traveling against...
  35. A

    Solving the Charged Bubble Problem with Gas and Electrostatic Forces

    1. 2. The force due to gas pressure = p(V0/V) dA The force due to atmospheric pressure = p dA The force due to electrostatic repulsion = undetermined 3. Though I don't surely know what the expression for electric force should be, I took an educated guess and solved using the relation...
  36. K

    Does light refraction play a role in bubble iridescence?

    We know interference of waves play a role in causing "colors" on soap bubbles. But does light refraction play a role in bubble iridescence? When the light wave travels into the soap bubble surface, won't it refract since the wave is into a different matter (what matter the soap bubble surface...
  37. T

    B Ionized trail in bubble chamber

    Question about bubble chambers. How can particles with small mass, such as electrons, create ionized path without having their trajectory disturbed by the ions they are creating? Seems like we should see them scattered around somewhat rather than following that nice circular pattern. Is this...
  38. S

    A Critical temperature for bubble nucleation

    Consider that the criterion for bubble nucleation (in a field theory) is the following: $$\exp(-S_{3}/T) \gtrsim \frac{3}{4\pi} \left(\frac{H}{T}\right)^{4} \left(\frac{2\pi T}{S_{3}}\right)^{3/2},$$ where ##S_3## is the three-dimensional action of the theory and ##H## is the Hubble scale. 1...
  39. B

    What Force Acts Between Hemispheres of a Charged Soap Bubble?

    Homework Statement There is a total of ##Q## charge on soap bubble of radius ##R##. What force is acting on one hemisphere by the other ? Homework Equations Electrostatic pressure is ##P_e = 2\pi \sigma^2## for a spherical shell. The Attempt at a Solution ##P_e = F/A## therefore ##F =...
  40. S

    Saw this at work -- an air bubble trapped right under the water stream

    Not really sure what's happening here, did a short search online to see if anyone else has documented this before. (If it's not clear from the photo, there seems to be a air bubble trapped right under the stream) It sustained itself for a couple minutes, took a short video of it too before it...
  41. L

    B Earth's Radio Bubble: Alien Civilization Unaware of Human Existence

    I've been reading about this interesting topic today. So the first radio signals emitted from the Earth are about 110 light years away from Earth now. Most authors point out that an advanced alien civilization only 125 light years away would have no idea of our existence. Fair enough, but the...
  42. Tomimo

    Making bubbles and trying to use Trompe

    Hi, I am trying to create a device that would "simply" make a bubble under the water. What I am aiming for is production of small bubble but continuously and under the water. When I say continuously, it doeant have to be for extended periods of time, could be just for ~2 hours but the longer...
  43. O

    Minimum radius of bubbles in a soda bottle (surface tension)

    Homework Statement [/B] The question is from chapter 9 of "Exercises in Introductory Physics" by Leighton and Vogt. The answer given in the book is ##R = 4.9 \times 10^{-5} \rm{cm}##. Homework Equations $$\sigma = \frac{\Delta P \cdot R}{4}$$ Where, ##\sigma## is the surface tension...
  44. R

    Soda bubble formation rate on plastic straw and glass cup

    I observed that if you pour soda into a glass cup and leave the straw inside, bubbles seem to form on the plastic cup at a much much quicker rate. Why is this? Why do bubbles form on the straw at all? Not sure if this should be in general physics or chemistry
  45. M

    Understanding the Importance of Particle Reynolds Number in Fluid Dynamics

    Hello, The particle Reynolds number makes me confused and I hope someone can help me on this please! Normally (as I read in every books and papers) that when a bubble or drop rises in a fluid, the bubble/drop Reynolds number is calculated by: Re = ρUD/μ where U is particle velocity, D can...
  46. R

    I Calculating FvD for Hydraulic Cylinder with Air Bubble

    I want to calculate the force-displacement curve for a damper that would have hydraulic oil with an air bubble in it, so very similar to an air spring with a limited amount of volume. I came up with the following solution: F(x)=Po*A((Vo/Vo-A*x)-1) where F would be the external force applied...
  47. Omega0

    The Martian - Movie - The bubble

    Hi, I love the movie "The Marsian". I did not start reading the book (I'll do soon). What do you think about discussing the physics? I am wondering why the NASA in the end suggested to cut a hole in the rover and to build that plastic foil bubble on top. There must be a really good reason to try...
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