What is Car: Definition and 1000 Discussions

A car (or automobile) is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transportation. Most definitions of cars say that they run primarily on roads, seat one to eight people, have four wheels, and mainly transport people rather than goods.Cars came into global use during the 20th century, and developed economies depend on them. The year 1886 is regarded as the birth year of the modern car when German inventor Karl Benz patented his Benz Patent-Motorwagen. Cars became widely available in the early 20th century. One of the first cars accessible to the masses was the 1908 Model T, an American car manufactured by the Ford Motor Company. Cars were rapidly adopted in the US, where they replaced animal-drawn carriages and carts, but took much longer to be accepted in Western Europe and other parts of the world.Cars have controls for driving, parking, passenger comfort, and a variety of lights. Over the decades, additional features and controls have been added to vehicles, making them progressively more complex, but also more reliable and easier to operate. These include rear-reversing cameras, air conditioning, navigation systems, and in-car entertainment. Most cars in use in the early 2020s are propelled by an internal combustion engine, fueled by the combustion of fossil fuels. Electric cars, which were invented early in the history of the car, became commercially available in the 2000s and are predicted to cost less to buy than gasoline cars before 2025. The transition from fossil fuels to electric cars features prominently in most climate change mitigation scenarios, such as Project Drawdown's 100 actionable solutions for climate change.There are costs and benefits to car use. The costs to the individual include acquiring the vehicle, interest payments (if the car is financed), repairs and maintenance, fuel, depreciation, driving time, parking fees, taxes, and insurance. The costs to society include maintaining roads, land use, road congestion, air pollution, public health, healthcare, and disposing of the vehicle at the end of its life. Traffic collisions are the largest cause of injury-related deaths worldwide.Personal benefits include on-demand transportation, mobility, independence, and convenience. Societal benefits include economic benefits, such as job and wealth creation from the automotive industry, transportation provision, societal well-being from leisure and travel opportunities, and revenue generation from taxes. People's ability to move flexibly from place to place has far-reaching implications for the nature of societies. There are around 1 billion cars in use worldwide. Car usage is increasing rapidly, especially in China, India and other newly industrialized countries.

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  1. D

    Car Acceleration: Top Speed, Travel Distance & Mile-Long Race

    Hello all, here is my problem: A car accelerates, starting from rest, with a speed that is given by: v(t)=vm(1-e-at) a) What is the top speed of the car? Explain why. b) How far does the car travel in time t? c) Suppose the car can accelerate from 0 to 60 mph in 2.9s, and has a...
  2. D

    Buying a car based on cost of insurance?

    I know there are a lot of parameters involved when insurance companies determine how much they'll charge you, and most are beyond my present control (Age, Driving History, Location etc...), but the most important parameter is the type of car you're looking to insure. I'm hoping to buy a car...
  3. H

    Automotive Hydraulic power for a 1000 pound car for city driving

    I want to build a 1000 pound car for city driving with a 45 MPH limit. This totally something I want to do.just to say I can. But I'm a machinist with only basic engineering knowledge. My power plant will be a 16 HP OHV gas engine driving a 1800 psi pump coupled to a Bi-directional hydraulic...
  4. S

    Car Tire Wear and Odometer Accuracy Calculation

    Even numbered book problem Homework Statement A person goes for a drive, and after, measured by the odometer, reads 37.35 miles in length. This person then replaces the tires with new ones and goes for the same drive, however, now the odometer reads 36.68 miles. Obviously the new tires are...
  5. rotflqtms

    Adding 3 new wires to 1 fuse in fuse box in car

    I wanted to install a few cigarette lighters in my old 1996 Toyota Camry that my sister just gave me since it only comes with one, and I want to have a dash cam/parking cam AND to charge my phone, and while I'm at it, add one in the back. I located the fuse box, and will find an accessory fuse...
  6. SteliosVas

    Calculating the Stopping Distance of a Car

    Homework Statement Hi everyone, this is the attempted problem. A car starts from rest and accelerates at 5m/s^2 for 15 seconds. It than decelerates at -2m/s^2 for an unknown time (say t'). Calculate how long it takes for the car to stop Homework Equations I know I should be used...
  7. F

    Automotive Calculating Car Braking Distance: Reliability & Factors

    I always found this an interesting question How can you measure the braking distance of a car with a good reliability in normal conditions? From classical physics, we can assume that the braking distance can be found by determining the work needed to dissipate the vehicle kinetic energy...
  8. D

    Frequency of the sound heard by the passanger in the car

    Homework Statement The police car with its siren emits frequency of 828hz approaching a buliding at 20m/s. . What's the frequency reflected from the buliding ? the ans is ((340)/(340-20))x 828 = 880hz. What's the frequncy of the reflected sound incident on the approaching police car? The...
  9. Nantes

    An overlooked point in fuel-efficient car driving speed

    I started commuting 65 km (40 miles) each day to go to work. This got me intrigued with the question of which speed I should drive into get the best mileage. The theory is straightforward: at low speeds, the driving is inneficient because the engine must use a set minimum amount of gas to...
  10. M

    How fast will the car now move?

    A 100kg cart is moving at 2.3m/s. A machine has been designed to apply a force of 1200N over a distance of 0.52m as this cart passes by. How fast will the car now move? [b]3. The Attempt at a Solution I used a=fnet/m where fnet was 1200-0 so the answer I got was 2307.68...
  11. R

    Physics problem involing a lotus car

    Homework Statement When the a lotus is driven at average speed of 20 m/s the drag force on the vehicle is 400N. If the average fuel conversion is 13% then calculate the distance traveled by the vehicle. Mass of Vehicle = 903kg Volume of fuel tank= 43.5 litre Density of fuel= 775 kg/m^3...
  12. davidbenari

    Swooshing noise as car drives near obstacles

    As you drive with your windows open you can hear a sound due to some continuous stream of air that is hitting your face, or whatever. But why is it then, that when you drive past by some obstacle, like a tree, you hear a swooshing noise? What is causing this?
  13. J

    Automotive Heat treat car drive system

    Hello all I am very new to this sight and am not an engineer. I am a mechanic tasked with building a powered drive system for our heat treat car. We currently use a continuous cable loop drive but we would like to change it to air powered gear motors. My question is this, how to size it...
  14. T

    Imparting Linear Momentum: Examining a Train Car Example

    This is not a problem, it is just a concept check :shy: What does it mean that something does not impart linear momentum to the rest of the system? For example grain leaking out a train car.
  15. Tesladude

    Combining modules to transmit video signal for RC car

    I don't see why not but is there any reason that i could not use these modules http://www.ebay.com/itm/121370353437?ssPageName=STRK:MEWAX:IT&_trksid=p3984.m1423.l2649 to make a wireless link between this camera and screen...
  16. R

    Automotive Effect of wheel diameter in a car

    Hello guys I want to know how the wheel diameter of car affects the car's performance parameters(physical significance) such as 1)speed 2)torque 3)handling. I would also appreciate if some equations are used to substantiate the physical understanding of these.
  17. V

    Opel GT on Incline: How Much HP Needed?

    Homework Statement Ok this question came up on a car forum and i tried to answer it, but I think my answer is way to simple and I solved the problem incorrectly 1. A 2072lb Opel GT goes up 20 degree incline how much horsepower will the car need to get up the hill at the same speed as the same...
  18. Tesladude

    Help -- car stereo is acting up with hand made amplifier

    I am adding 2 extra rear speakers in my jeep, I have some rca cables comming from the rear speaker pre-amp outputs from the back of my pioneer stereo. My plan which works beutifully is a dc-dc boost module bringing the cars 12v up to 20 for the main amplifier. The main amp is a 2x25...
  19. zoobyshoe

    The Most Popular Car Ever Made

    Something like 23 million sold, all over the world, during the years they were manufactured. It's not simple to explain why they were so popular. They weren't particularly good cars, though they had their quirky strengths: good in snow, being the one I've seen most often mentioned. They got...
  20. N

    Product to prevent car hyperthermia

    So, plenty of us have probably heard about the recent hot car death that will probably become a hugely controversial media circus that everyone will forget about in a few months. I don't know whether the death was intentional or not, but I hope the court makes the correct decision either way. I...
  21. D

    Finding the time when the car starts to skid (Kleppner 2.29)

    Homework Statement This problem is taken from Kleppner's Intoduction to Mechanics and is problem 2.29. A car is driven on a large revolving platform which rotates with constant angular speed \omega. At time t=0 a driver leaves the origin and follows a line painted radially outward on the...
  22. B

    Automotive Design and Engineering Project - Redesign Part of a Car

    Hi Physics Forums! I've been browsing these forums for a while now and not actually joining in.. Now I'd like to ask for your help! I'm about to enter into my final year of my degree in Automotive Design and Engineering and need a project. I need to re-design a part of a car and engineer...
  23. D

    Car getting struck by lightning

    As we all know, if a car happens to be struck by lightning its passengers will probably be safe. The usual explanation is that the tires of the car are insulators. The actual reason, as E&M textbooks stress, is that the surface of the car, being a conductor, acts as a Faraday cage. My...
  24. BrainMan

    Car crash conservation of momentum problem

    Homework Statement A 2200-kg van traveling north along the interstate at 25 m/s is involved in a perfectly inelastic collision with a 1500-kg automobile driven by a careless motorist who emerges at a speed of 15 m/s form an entrance ramp that makes an angle of 20 degrees with the highway. Find...
  25. D

    Automotive Turbocharger in a car, thermodynamics

    For a car modification project, it would be nice to have a function to express the pressure in a volume, as a function of the size of this volume, the amount of air moved by a compressor per unit of time, and the time for how long this compressor has been spinning (assume constant speed). To...
  26. 462chevelle

    Testing My Drag Car: Seeking Advice

    I have a drag car I'm wanting to do some testing on . Would anyone mind giving me some insight. A Pm or on here is fine. thanks.
  27. Maxo

    Understanding Torque for car rollover

    Homework Statement Homework Equations \vec{\tau} = \vec{F}\vec{l} The Attempt at a Solution I understand this problem except for the part that involves Torque. I would like some help in understanding how the Torque is calculated in this problem. Please look at Figure 9.13 c). I know the axis...
  28. B

    Automotive Parking Lock: Understanding French Patent #2964925A1

    Hi! I have to understand how a parking lock described in a patent works, but I cannot really get it. The text is french, however, there is an online translation into English. The link to the patent is the following...
  29. A

    Forces on a car in circular motion

    I've been trying to work out the forces on a car in circular motion around a turn and I'm having trouble understanding what causes a friction force to be directed inward toward the center of the circle. I understand that on a straight path, the torque on the wheels causes them to push back...
  30. E

    MHB Solving Tire Nail Height & Distance Problems: Grade 11

    8) The diameter of a car's tire is 52cm. While the car is being driven, the tire picks up a nail. a) Draw a graph of the height of the nail above the ground in terms of the distance the car has traveled since the tire picked up the nail. For this part, I drew a graph with the max 52, the mid 26...
  31. R

    Explain regulators and floating grounds to me, eg a car alternator

    I understand the basics but I am a bit lost on what happens in this example. In a car we have an alternator that charges the battery, if the battery is charged to stop it overvolting the regulator essentially shorts power to ground via SCRs (correct me if I'm wrong but this is my understanding)...
  32. Curieuse

    Cable car system : Tension in the pull cable

    Homework Statement Figure shows a section of a cable car system. The maximum permissible mass of each car with occupants is 2800 kg. The cars, riding on a support cable are pulled by a second cable attached to the support tower on each car. Assume that the cables are taut and inclined at θ=...
  33. H

    Automotive Car Jack Modification: Safety, Efficiency & Cost Reduction

    Hello, I have been set a project where I need to modify a 2 tonne car jack. After evaluation, I ended up choosing a scissor car jack. I would be grateful if anyone would advise on how I can modify the car jack by making it more safe, efficient and decrease the cost.And what sort of calculations...
  34. K

    Automotive Can the horsepower of a car be given per cylinder ?

    say a car has 400 horsepower at the fly wheel with a V8. can you divide 400 by 8 to give 50 hp of power transmitted by each piston ? Just for a rough estimate, does it even come close to the real power transmitted by each piston or is way far off and wrong ? The reason why I think of this way...
  35. karush

    MHB Est instantaneous acceleration of the car at t=20

    A car is traveling along a straight road with values of its continuous velocity f(t) in ft/sec as given t \ \ v(t) 0 \ \ 90 10 \ \ 75 20 \ \ 80 30 \ \ 100 40\ \ 90 50 \ \ 85 60 \ \ 80 Est the instantaneous acceleration of the car at t=20 sec. there is no eq for...
  36. P

    Question on Energy conservation - Car pushing on air column

    Question on Energy conservation -- Car pushing on air column Homework Statement An automobile moving through the air causes the air velocity to decrease and fill a larger flow channel. An automobile has an effective flow channel area of 3 m^2. THe car is traveling at 90 k/h on a day when the...
  37. I

    Automotive Possible causes of car misfires when it rains

    My 02 jetta misfires on cylinder 3 when it rains, has anyone ever had this problem and do I fix it? Also my horn doesn't work when it rains, I don't know if its related but it seems to odd to me coincidence. Thanks for help.
  38. Greg Bernhardt

    Google self-driving car on city streets

    Fun watching this project develop. Maybe by 2020 this can be a reality? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=csvt6JBAwBk
  39. J

    Decelerating distance and magnitude of impulse of a car

    A 1,000kg car traveling with a velocity of +20.0meters per second decelerates uniformly at -5.00 meters per second per second until it comes to rest. What is the total distance the car travels as it decelerates to rest? What is the magnitude of the impulse applied to the car to bring it...
  40. W

    Automotive How to calculate body roll on a car as a torque?

    When a car turns there is a centripetal force acting at the tyres to get it round the bend. There is also an acceleration of the chassis away from the bend acting at the centre of gravity. These combine to create a torque which causes the chassis to roll about the roll centre. Is this correct...
  41. HexNash

    Probability: Expected distance of an accelerating car - with a twist

    I have an expected value probability problem. Unfortunately, I do not know enough about mathematics to determine if it is even remotely feasible to try to solve it. The best way to explain it is to disguise it as a physics problem: Imagine a race car on a never-ending straight track. Let's call...
  42. R

    Linear speed of car coasting on two tracks

    This is another one of those concept problems where if I think about it one way, it makes sense, but if I think about it another way I don't reach the same conclusion...again, any clarifications in explaining this would be much appreciated. A streetcar is freely coasting (no friction) around...
  43. B

    Finding Velocity in Car Collision Impulse Problem

    Homework Statement A 1343 kg car experiences an impulse of 30,000 N during a collision with a wall. If the collision takes 0.43 s, what was the velocity of the car just before the collision? A) 22 m/s B) 9 m/s C) 51 m/s D) 18 m/s Homework Equations F=dp/dt p=mv The Attempt at...
  44. D

    Centripetal acceleration speeding car problem

    Homework Statement A car is traveling round a bend which is banked at an angle of 30 to the horizontal. The bend is assumed to be in the shape of an arc of a circle of radius 80m. the surface of the road is rough and the coefficient of friction between the tyres of the and the surface of the...
  45. V

    Car Drag Formula Varies with Speed?

    Hi, I've read in a website that the drag (air resistance) formula for a car would be different: -> for velocities under 86 km/h Drag = K(coefficient) * V -> for velocities over 86 km/h and under 1200 km/h Drag = K(coefficient) * V^2 I've researched a little bit and only one...
  46. F

    How Does Speed Affect Normal Force at the Crest of a Hill?

    Homework Statement A 1300 kg car is traveling at 25 m/s as it passes the crest of a hill that has a radius of curvature of 120m. Determine the normal force acting on the car at the crest of the hill.Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution I know that for horizontal surfaces the Normal...
  47. W

    How would I calculate the force acting on the flywheel during a car....

    Crash? Just the force from the deceleration not actually being crushed. Thanks
  48. K

    Center of Mass and car inertia

    I got one multiple choice on our exam incorrect, and I was wondering exactly why this answer is correct: When you accelerate your car, the front of the car lifts up slightly. Or when you brake, the front dips down. The primary reason is because the A) center of mass of the car and its...
  49. Y

    Car with counterweight: Dynamics

    Hi, There is something weird here: Please look at problem and solution. When I set my equations: 2000a=2000gsin(30°)-T 1800a=-1800gsin(20°)+T I add them up: 3800a=2000gsin(30°)-1800gsin(20°) a=1m/s^2 Now I want to equilibriate the car: The force of brakes=-2000a=-2000a=-2000N...
  50. S

    Force - gondola car suspended between 2 cables

    Homework Statement A car weighing 789 kg hang at an angle of 90°. What is the tension in each cable? The Attempt at a Solution (deleted answer)
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