What is Car: Definition and 1000 Discussions

A car (or automobile) is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transportation. Most definitions of cars say that they run primarily on roads, seat one to eight people, have four wheels, and mainly transport people rather than goods.Cars came into global use during the 20th century, and developed economies depend on them. The year 1886 is regarded as the birth year of the modern car when German inventor Karl Benz patented his Benz Patent-Motorwagen. Cars became widely available in the early 20th century. One of the first cars accessible to the masses was the 1908 Model T, an American car manufactured by the Ford Motor Company. Cars were rapidly adopted in the US, where they replaced animal-drawn carriages and carts, but took much longer to be accepted in Western Europe and other parts of the world.Cars have controls for driving, parking, passenger comfort, and a variety of lights. Over the decades, additional features and controls have been added to vehicles, making them progressively more complex, but also more reliable and easier to operate. These include rear-reversing cameras, air conditioning, navigation systems, and in-car entertainment. Most cars in use in the early 2020s are propelled by an internal combustion engine, fueled by the combustion of fossil fuels. Electric cars, which were invented early in the history of the car, became commercially available in the 2000s and are predicted to cost less to buy than gasoline cars before 2025. The transition from fossil fuels to electric cars features prominently in most climate change mitigation scenarios, such as Project Drawdown's 100 actionable solutions for climate change.There are costs and benefits to car use. The costs to the individual include acquiring the vehicle, interest payments (if the car is financed), repairs and maintenance, fuel, depreciation, driving time, parking fees, taxes, and insurance. The costs to society include maintaining roads, land use, road congestion, air pollution, public health, healthcare, and disposing of the vehicle at the end of its life. Traffic collisions are the largest cause of injury-related deaths worldwide.Personal benefits include on-demand transportation, mobility, independence, and convenience. Societal benefits include economic benefits, such as job and wealth creation from the automotive industry, transportation provision, societal well-being from leisure and travel opportunities, and revenue generation from taxes. People's ability to move flexibly from place to place has far-reaching implications for the nature of societies. There are around 1 billion cars in use worldwide. Car usage is increasing rapidly, especially in China, India and other newly industrialized countries.

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  1. N

    How far does the police car travel to catch a speeder traveling at 180 km/hr?

    Homework Statement A police car at rest, is passed by a speeder traveling at constant speed of 180 km/hr, take off in hot pursuit accelerating at 3.7 m/s². How far has the police car traveled to catch the speeder? Homework Equations I think we would use x = xo + vot + 1/2at^2[/B] (Or maybe...
  2. M

    How resistance affects car speed?

    Hello ! I have little problem understanding about how car rolling resistance , wind resistance and angular resistance affect car speed.SPEED is km/h but resistance is in NEWTONS , i don't understand how that force affects car speed , like FORCE (N) converted to speed(km/h or mph) How to find...
  3. J

    Calculating Work Done by a Child Pulling a Toy Car

    Homework Statement A child 1.52 meters tall pulled a 2.54 kg toy car for 10 meters. The car has a string attached to it, and when pulled creates a 25 degree angle from the horizon. If the string has a force of 123 N on it while being pulled, how much work did the child do? Homework Equations...
  4. D

    Car's weight shift with torque & angular momentum

    I am having trouble visualizing which two tires of a car will be pushed down based on the angular momentum and torque of that car. Let's say if its angular momentum is point OUT while its torque is pointing UP in relations to the picture below. My guess is it's the two right wheels of the...
  5. A

    Force applied on cable attached to car and tree

    Homework Statement your car is stuck in the mud and you can’t pull hard enough to get it out. You do, however, have a long cable that you connect taut between your front bumper and the trunk of a stout tree. You now pull sideways on the cable at its midpoint, exerting a force f. Each half of...
  6. N

    Circular motion -- Car on a circular track

    Homework Statement A car has an initial speed v0= 20m/s. It increases its speed along the circular track at s=0, at=(0.9s) m/(s2), where s is in meters. Determine the time needed for the car to travel 35m. The radius of curvature of the track is 40m. Homework Equations an = v^2/p a = dv/dtThe...
  7. C

    What does physics say about Car collision damages?

    Thanks for looking into my thread. I find various threads suggest to use Kinetic energy/conservation of momentum to explain car collision. Moving car generate/carry more energy compared to stopped one. I find when a car (car1) (moves with 10-15 miles/hr) rear-ends stopped vehicle (car 2), the...
  8. PenguinCo

    Boiling water w/ a car battery

    So... I am looking to basically convert electric energy to thermal, then mechanical energy. I am wondering how practical it would be to use a rechargeable car battery (12V, and 40Ah) to boil water into steam for a steam engine. It does not matter how long it would take, simply if it is...
  9. T

    I left a soda in the car and it still feels cold.

    After a cookout on Saturday, I left two cans of Coca-Cola in my bag. Around Monday morning which is almost two days later, when I left for school, the cans were still cold with moisture on it. The next day, I put another can of Coca-Cola in the car and only left it overnight to see what the...
  10. L

    Car acceleration kinematics give average power

    Homework Statement The performance of a car is being tested. Distance driven is 400m. The car accelerates from a standing start (v0 = 0). (reader's note: It could be plausibly assumed that car performance tests are measured at even ground.) The car's mass is 1150kg. The time taken in the...
  11. B

    What Was the Initial Velocity of the Second Car in the Collision?

    Homework Statement A 1350kg car traveling at 72km/h collides with a slow-moving car of mass 1650kg, also initially traveling south. After the collision, the velocity of the 2 cars together is 24km/h. Determine the initial velocity at which the second car was travelling. Given: m1=1350kg. vi1 =...
  12. J

    How far will the car coast?

    Homework Statement A car traveling at 30 m/s runs out of gas whiles traveling up a 20 degree slope. How far up the hill will it coast before staring to roll back down? Vf=0 Vo= 30sin20 a = -9.8sin(20) Homework Equations y=yo + Vo(t) + aT^2 vf=vo+at Vf^2=Vi^2 + 2aY The Attempt at a Solution I...
  13. P

    Wave, finding the velocity of the incoming car.

    Homework Statement [/B] The highway police, stationary hidden behind the barrier, shoot a radio wave that got a frequency of 8 GHZ, from his radar gun to measured the velocity of the incoming car, that's coming toward him. After the radio wave hit the car and reflect back, the police found...
  14. J

    Equations for bending steel in a car crash?

    I wanted to know what formula's do I need to figure how much force is required to make a dent in a car. I am then placing a bumper guard made up of carbon fiber, and wanted to know what equation do I need to use to figure out how much force is required to make a dent with the carbon fiber bumper...
  15. Evangeline101

    Kinematic Question -- Car braking to avoid hitting a fox

    Homework Statement Andrew is driving his van to deliver groceries in Elmvale. As he travels along Hwy 92, a fox stops on the road. Andrew is traveling at 75 km/h and is 42 m away from the fox when he applies his brakes. It takes him 3.4 s to stop. a) How far did Andrew travel before stopping...
  16. alexandria

    What is the function of a car muffler and how does it work?

    Homework Statement im trying to understand how a car muffler works?? this is the pic that was in my lesson for a car muffler. Homework Equations no equations required The Attempt at a Solution i understand its purpose, i know its used in cars to dampen the noise produced by the gas coming...
  17. A

    Finding acceleration of a car when it is braking

    Homework Statement A 1200kg car moving at 20 metres per second stops in a distance of 50m when the brakes are applied. a) What is the acceleration of the car when it is braking? b) Find the force applied by the car's braking system. Homework Equations For a) I used the acceleration formula...
  18. P

    Automotive Open Car Differential Burnout Debate

    I would really appreciate if you could help me with a question I have. I was having a debate with someone I work with about whether or not a car with an open diff can spin both wheels at the same time (aka do a burnout). Let me know if my logic is incorrect. If a RWD car is on ice (low friction)...
  19. totomyl

    Physics - proving the stopping distance of a car

    Homework Statement an accident occurs up ahead on the highway. a driver traveling at 120km/h [e] reacts in 0.20s and applies the brakes causing an acceleration of 8.0m/s2 [w]. show that the stopping distance is 76 m. what am i doing wrong? i changed the acceleration to match the directions, so...
  20. A

    Cleaning My Car Glass that damaged from Phosphate plant

    Hello Gentlemen, I am working In phosphate plant with a lot of chemical fumes produced from the Process area. Due to Iodine and Florine gases, my car glass is damaged (corrosion) and i barley can see while I am going home.:frown: Please help me to find any Chemical Compound that helps to...
  21. r_prieto5

    Start-up acceleration, max speed and torque of a transfer car

    Homework Statement A transfer car moves concrete slabs. Given values are wheel diameter D, shaft diameter d, rolling resistance FL , speed v, car weight mv , load weight mk , output power P at rotation speed n, average torque Mm , motor moment of inertia Jm , fan moment of inertia Jt and...
  22. Gamma

    Car Battery Safety in Lab: Risk Assessment

    Hello everyone, How much of a safety hazard is it to store a car battery inside a classroom/lab? It's a new battery and it is plugged into a charger all the time. I use is only couple of times per year for a demonstration. Thanks! -Gamma
  23. D

    Will the car make it to the top of the hill?

    Homework Statement A 1500 kg car is approaching an icy (i.e. frictionless) hill as shown below. The car then runs out of gas traveling at a speed of 10 m/s. a) Will the car make it to the top of the hill? picture is attached Homework Equations vf^2 = vi^2 + 2ax[/B]The Attempt at a Solution...
  24. S

    Automotive Car Wheel Temp: Brake Rotor & Hub Heat Range

    Considering how hot brake rotors get under hard street and race track braking, what is the typical heat range experienced buy the actual wheel in contact with the rotor and hub?
  25. Planobilly

    NASA The Korowai people and NASA's robotic car

    How diverse are we on this planet? A couple of photos of the Korowai people from the southwest Indonesian province of Papua. The Korowai people live in trees which I read wards off annoying neighbours and evil spirits. In another part of the planet the NASA tribe is hard at work driving...
  26. R

    How Does Friction Impact Post-Collision Speed in Inelastic Car Accidents?

    For the Texas Department of Public Safety, you are investigating an accident that occurred early on a foggy morning in a remote section of the Texas Panhandle. A 2012 Prius traveling due north collided in a highway intersection with a 2013 Dodge Durango that was traveling due east. After the...
  27. Isabella Wang

    Car Driving At A Constant Speed

    Hey guys, This might sound like a simple question, but I'm just starting to look in depth into Einstein's theories. I'm confused on the question about a car driving at a constant speed o 65 mph northwards. If it changes it direction to drive northeast, it then loses some speed. How is this...
  28. devecseri

    Automotive Car Question Acceleration vs. Engine Life

    What's going to let an engine last longer: 1) Accelerating quickly to just above desired speed and coasting until speed drops 2) Holding engine at a more constant lower rpm to achieve that desired speed I know to some extent 1) is better for fuel when the acceleration isn't too hard but...
  29. B

    Kinetic Friction and Incline for a Car

    Homework Statement Homework Equations friction:[/B] f = μN incline angle: θ = arctan(1/10) summation of forces in y: N - mgcosθ = 0 summation of forces in x: -f - mgsinθ = ma (?) The Attempt at a Solution For this problem, I set the x-axis going up the incline and the y-axis normal to said...
  30. E

    Name of the forces caused while driving a car

    Is there a name or phenomenon of the feelings the passenger gets that the driver does not? Example: A driver of a car feels that they are driving smooth and comfortable, yet the passenger feels like they have to hold on to the door handle and feels that the ride is rough. If the two folks in the...
  31. A

    Is it possible to run as fast as a car?

    By run fast I don't mean if the human body can handle it, I mean is there a way to allow a human to reach that speed while running(sort of like the flash)either using some kind of physical or chemical enhancement. Maybe not as fast as a car but some way to increase their max speed without having...
  32. B

    Max Speed of Car on Wet Ramp Turn at 20° Bank

    Homework Statement A car is making a turn on a wet highway ramp. The coefficient of static friction between the tires and the road is 0.25. Determine the maximum speed at which the car can safely negotiate a turn of radius 200m with a banking angle of 20 degrees. radius= 200m μs=0.25...
  33. eefje

    Calculate the total stopping distance of the car

    Homework Statement reaction time of a driver to brake is 0,5s in that time the speed is constant the speed of a car is constant when he decides to slow down and to stop with -6,0 m/s2, the initial speed is 50 km/h Calculate the total stopping distance of the car Homework Equations Ve= -6,0*t...
  34. D

    Applying Conservation of Momentum to Car Collision

    Homework Statement Homework Equations conservation of momentum 3. The Attempt at a Solution initially car_1 has not y momentum so \begin{equation} m_1v_1x=(m_1+m_2)v cos(θ) \end{equation} and car_2 has no x momentum \begin{equation} m_2v_2y=(m_1+m_2)v sin(θ) \end{equation} using...
  35. W

    Solving acceleration of a car with torques

    Hi! I cannot get rid of a mass and having some confusion about this whole problem. 1. Homework Statement A car's wheelbase is 300 cm and its center of gravity horizontal distance from rear axle is 120 cm and its distance from the ground is 75 cm. Wheels and ground's coefficient of friction...
  36. Ronie Bayron

    Automotive Removing Stubborn Windshield Residues: The Bon Ami Solution

    Do you have a successful story to tell how do you manage to eliminate soap or sun dried water residues which stuck on the windshield unreachable for wipers to clean.
  37. ivtec259

    Quarter mile 10s car minimum power requirement

    Hi everybody! I am facing a problem in calculating the theoretical minimum power requirement P of accelerating a mass m a distance x in a time t in a two-stage acceleration process. Stage 1: Constant force acceleration amax (maximum grip of the tires of a car limits acc.) Stage 2: Constant...
  38. Futurestar33

    Electric engine for car vs Electric Engine for Drone

    Hello, I am trying to find out if there are any differences between how the Electric engine for car works vs how an Electric Engine for Drone works. I am sure the both consist of an Ignition coil, stator and rotor. However I have not been able to find the any schematics for a drones electric...
  39. E

    Calculating Initial Velocity of Car 1 in a Collision | Homework Problem

    Homework Statement A car hits another car at rest. Debris is found 6.75m from the cars, the two cars stuck together over a distance of 6.75m, there are skid marks a distance of 312m before the car crash, car 1=2946kg, car2=1232kg, coefficent of friction is .72. Find the initial velocity of car...
  40. bpcaddy

    Automotive Crash Test Software for VW Rabbit Car 1981

    For my senior project i plan on litening a vw rabbit car. 1981. Any software that i could uuse to model the care and provide great data on how i could improve the safety after i cut it up to lighten it? Thinking adding roll bars or something.
  41. J

    How do forces of the tires contribute to car rollovers?

    I'm trying to understand the physics of car rollovers and perhaps what can prevent them in terms of the forces that are involved. According to various diagrams I've seen, there is friction applied by the tires (with some diagrams showing a set of forces acting only on a single tire which...
  42. I

    Can a car drive around a frictionless mountain?

    Homework Statement This question was posed on a recent test I had to write. Our professor does not let us keep our graded tests nor does she share solutions, so all I have is the problem statement. I've made an effort to recreate the solution I had, but I got it wrong in any case and I'd like...
  43. Erin Pashanov

    Kinematic Question -- Car braking to avoid hitting a pedestrian

    Homework Statement Driving along a steady speed of 26m/s and suddenly see a child 150m from you. Breaks can produce acceleration of -2.5m/s² but it takes time to get the foot from the gas to the brake pedal. How much time do you have, if to avoid hitting the child? Known: d=150m a=-2.5m/s²...
  44. E

    Can someone explain how a car turns on a curve?

    I am having a hard time understand why the frictional force of the tires of the car point to the center of the circle (centripetral force). http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/138871/why-does-friction-play-the-role-of-centripetal-force-during-the-turning-of-a-car . Here is the...
  45. B

    Newton's Third Law and Car Crashes

    Homework Statement In terms of Newton's Third Law, why is it better for 2 cars of the same mass, both going 50km/h to crash into each other than for 1 car going 100km/h to crash into a wall? Homework Equations Newton's Third Law F=ma The Attempt at a Solution I have no idea. I'm really confused
  46. R

    How to explain force in turning car

    Homework Statement When a car turns or accelerates, you feel and extra force, and some hanging things in the car also shift. How do you explain this phenomena? Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution My explanation was simply that since the car is a non inertia frame of reference, you...
  47. EB3 Effects

    Negative bouyancy/sinking a car

    Hello all and thanks in advance for your contributions. I am calculating how much weight it will take to keep a car on the floor of a 5' deep pool. The engine and transmission have been removed as well as the hood and trunk. The remaining body weighs 2,000 lb. The cab will be sealed air...
  48. 3301

    Can a Wi-Fi Car Diagnostic Tool Detect Problems Through Sound?

    Is it doable that we can place mobile device on our auto and by detecting a sound coming out from car we can know where is the problem * if there is one?
  49. A

    Automotive Torque in different car gears?

    Recently I have been researching torque and horsepower. I know that the lower the car gear, the more the torque. However, whenever I see specifications of a car, it says : X lb-ft of torque at Y rpm. Now, shouldn't they specify the gear that was measured in? Or is this the torque the engine...
  50. C

    Typical Relativity Car and Ball Problem.... ....

    Homework Statement Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution (a) The person outside of the car will see the car's velocity as being c/√2 and the baseball's velocity as c/√2, therefore the observer in frame S will see those two velocities as added together because they both move in the...
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