What is Car: Definition and 1000 Discussions

A car (or automobile) is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transportation. Most definitions of cars say that they run primarily on roads, seat one to eight people, have four wheels, and mainly transport people rather than goods.Cars came into global use during the 20th century, and developed economies depend on them. The year 1886 is regarded as the birth year of the modern car when German inventor Karl Benz patented his Benz Patent-Motorwagen. Cars became widely available in the early 20th century. One of the first cars accessible to the masses was the 1908 Model T, an American car manufactured by the Ford Motor Company. Cars were rapidly adopted in the US, where they replaced animal-drawn carriages and carts, but took much longer to be accepted in Western Europe and other parts of the world.Cars have controls for driving, parking, passenger comfort, and a variety of lights. Over the decades, additional features and controls have been added to vehicles, making them progressively more complex, but also more reliable and easier to operate. These include rear-reversing cameras, air conditioning, navigation systems, and in-car entertainment. Most cars in use in the early 2020s are propelled by an internal combustion engine, fueled by the combustion of fossil fuels. Electric cars, which were invented early in the history of the car, became commercially available in the 2000s and are predicted to cost less to buy than gasoline cars before 2025. The transition from fossil fuels to electric cars features prominently in most climate change mitigation scenarios, such as Project Drawdown's 100 actionable solutions for climate change.There are costs and benefits to car use. The costs to the individual include acquiring the vehicle, interest payments (if the car is financed), repairs and maintenance, fuel, depreciation, driving time, parking fees, taxes, and insurance. The costs to society include maintaining roads, land use, road congestion, air pollution, public health, healthcare, and disposing of the vehicle at the end of its life. Traffic collisions are the largest cause of injury-related deaths worldwide.Personal benefits include on-demand transportation, mobility, independence, and convenience. Societal benefits include economic benefits, such as job and wealth creation from the automotive industry, transportation provision, societal well-being from leisure and travel opportunities, and revenue generation from taxes. People's ability to move flexibly from place to place has far-reaching implications for the nature of societies. There are around 1 billion cars in use worldwide. Car usage is increasing rapidly, especially in China, India and other newly industrialized countries.

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  1. L

    I want to get a paint design on my car

    My car is just a plain green Mazda 2, and I'm starting to see a lot of those around. I wanted mine to be different somehow, plus the plain green is getting kinda stale. I was wondering if anyone here has had any experience with getting a design painted on their car. I have some questions about...
  2. S

    Motor Torque required for 4 wheel drive electric car

    Homework Statement There is 14 kg of mass kept on a chassis (consider chassis weightless). Chassis is having 2 identical rear wheels and 2 Steel caster ball wheels at front. Consider the weight distribution to be equal on each of the wheel. All wheels are coupled to a DC motor-gearbox (1:1)...
  3. T

    Car Coasting Up a Hill: Equations for Velocity and Height

    Homework Statement This is not a homework question per se but rather something I was thinking about while driving the other day. I am in a car on a hill with constant slope traveling at an initial speed. How can I come up with a set of equations describing both velocity as a function...
  4. F

    Work energy efficiency car problem

    Homework Statement Gasoline has an energy content of about 132.65 MJ/US Gallon. An average passenger car has a mass of 1500kg. The average vehicle experiences a drag force F(drag) = (0.176 kg/m)v^2, regardless of road conditions. A uniform and level road surface provides a 'rolling...
  5. AnTiFreeze3

    Music What are some song suggestions to add to my car's playlist?

    I've had the same CD in my car that I've been listening to for almost a year; a lot of the songs are great, but I'm starting to get sick of some of them. I've started putting some new songs together for a new CD, but I only have this list so far: - All Along the Watchtower - Another Brick...
  6. T

    How to find the coefficient of drag of a car model?

    Can we assume that the coefficient of drag of a car model is constant using one of the values from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drag_coefficient The reason I ask this is because the coefficient of drag of a car varies with velocity. So wouldn't it change depending on how fast the car is...
  7. S

    Direction of friction in the circular motion of a car

    Homework Statement Why does friction act towards the center when a car does uniform circular motion by itself. The Attempt at a Solution I know that centripetal force is needed to move an object in a centre and so there should be a force acting towards the center in the circular...
  8. B

    How air pressure reacts in a car tyre.

    hello to everyone, I'm sorry to bother you with what may seen a very easy question but I'm hoping someone can help me with the correct scientific answer. now there has been a debate regarding tyre pressures in car tyres corresponding with there size and shape, a lot of people say that the...
  9. T

    How far will a pullback car go? Spring and friction coefficients.

    Homework Statement A pullback toy car is pulled back. How far will it go before it stops? x(0)=0 v(0)=0 a(x<x0)=-k(x0-x) a(x>x0)=μg v(tf)=0 tf=D Homework Equations Fs=-kx F=mg Ff=μF The Attempt at a Solution d2x/dt2=1/m(k(x0-x)-μmg) Later in the run spring constant...
  10. G

    So you are driving a car at (almost) the speed of light

    You are driving down the road at almost the speed of light. And you fire a powerful laser that is attached to the front of your car. The laser beam hits a guy standing at the side of the road and goes through his hand. But to the guy at the road, your laser beam can't hit him, because to...
  11. Z

    What is the average power consumption of a car at different speeds?

    I need rough values for power consumption of an average sized car at different speeds. Does anyone know how to either calculate or where I could find such information? Thanks
  12. A

    Projectile motion of car hitting the ground

    Homework Statement (Assume no friction) A car that has a mass of 3970 kg is accelerated from an initial velocity of 0 up a ramp that is 50 meters long (the hypotenuse) and has a height above the ground at the end of the ramp of 10 meters. The velocity of the car at the end of the ramp is 150...
  13. T

    Car negotiating bend - Forces

    Hi, I am confused a little bit with the forces acting on a vehicle when it's negotiating a bend, at constant speed. Please click the link to see my sketch. On the plan view I see that it's moving with constant speed, along a circular route. That means there is unbalanced force...
  14. I

    Solar AC for Car: How Many Panels Needed?

    Hi, This is my first post here. I am planning to work on small project for my car, wherein I could power up a small inverter which would in turn start a fan / ac in my car. I am just confused on how many panels I would need to accomplish this project. solar panel output 4V -100 ma...
  15. L

    Friciton drives a car forward right?

    Car wheels spin backwards and the friction force acts forward so the resultant force allows the car to move forward right? because I saw someone say something about... cars appear to be spinning backwards on tv. But in reality aren't they really spinning backwards?
  16. C

    Finding velocity of car in Carnival ride

    Homework Statement You've taken your neighbor's young child to the carnival to ride the rides. She wants to ride The Rocket. Eight rocket-shaped cars hang by chains from the outside edge of a large steel disk. A vertical axle through the center of the ride turns the disk, causing the cars to...
  17. R

    Calculating Wheel Forces on a Car's Center of Gravity

    Homework Statement An automobile with a mass of 1321 kg has 3.40 m between the front and rear axles. Its center of gravity is located 1.78 m behind the front axle. (a) With the automobile on level ground, determine the magnitude of the force from the ground on each front wheel (assuming equal...
  18. L

    Need to Replace or Clean Car Air Filter? Answers Here

    After getting an oil change yesterday, the people there said my air filter was pretty dirty and it needed to be changed soon. They didn't have a replacement, but said the one I need is like 50$. I was wondering if you really need to replace the air filter, or if you can just clean it. If you...
  19. B

    Finding forces on a car rounding a curve

    Homework Statement A car with mass of 1200kg turns sharply with a radius of 40m and at 15/ms. The tires have a static friction of 0.9, rolling at 0.6 and kinetic at 0.3. 1) how long does it take to make a turn at half a circle. 2) what is the magnitude of frictional force on the tires in the...
  20. I

    Controllers, processors and operating systems in the car

    I search after information in these things: I think there are a lot of controllers and processors in the car but in which devices in the car they are and what them doing in these devices? What are the operating systems in the cars? What is algorithm for robust control?
  21. Z

    Force on a car passenger during acceleration.

    1. A Car accelerates from 0-100 km/h (27.77 m/s) in 4.8s. What F (in Newtons) does a passenger of mass 68 kg experience during acceleration 2. I feel like I'm solving this too easily and am missing something 3. F=ma. a= Δv/ΔT. 27.77/4.8= 5.78 F= 68*5.78 F=393.52N ?
  22. C

    Dynamics rocket car problem

    Homework Statement A 1200 kg rocket car is placed at the bottom of a 100 meter long ramp inclined at 10°. The rocket is turned on and it exerts a force of 8300 N for 5.70 seconds, and then it shuts down. Find the speed with which the rocket car leaves the ramp (assume frictionless)...
  23. V

    Car and truck velocity question

    Question: A car is initially 4.0km/h south of a gas station and is moving at a constant speed of 55km/h due north. A truck is initially 6.0km north of the gas station and is moving at a constant speed of 45km/h due south. How far are the vehicles from the gas station when they pass each other...
  24. N

    Speed of a Car on Straight Road

    Homework Statement A car is driving 25km/h upward a road,the road is under a angle of 4 degrees.The same car goes 100 km/h when it goes downward the same road,in both cases,when the car is driving upward and downward it's using the maximum possible power of the motor.Whats the speed of the car...
  25. M

    Is a 12V car battery more powerful than a 12V power adapter?

    I'm confused about the relationship between the voltages of different power sources. Since a car battery is more powerful than an adapter and both are known to have output of 12 Volts, what can be said about how much power is consumed by the devices running on 12V? Will the same amount of...
  26. L

    How Long Does Is take for a car to go from 0-60 MPH

    Homework Statement A car accelerates at 9.8m/s^2 How long does it take to go from 0-60 MPH? Homework Equations I don't know which ones may be relevant, this is where I'm stumped. The Attempt at a Solution I somehow got 2.77 seconds as an answer but I'm not sure how I got it. I am...
  27. C

    Speeding Driver & Cop Car Velocity/Time/Acceleration Q

    So I'm new here, and I apologize if I've posted in the wrong format/place/etc., but this is a makeup exam question, and I (think) I've finished it, but I want a second opinion on the correctness if you guys wouldn't mind. :smile: Homework Statement A speeding driver passes a hidden police...
  28. K

    Did You See the Packed Derby with Little Cars? #44 Was Me!

    That's me in the #44 car!
  29. perplexabot

    Charging a car battery question.

    Hey. Was jump starting and charging a car battery a couple of days ago for the first time. I connected the positive of the bad battery to the positive of the good battery, then connected the negative of the good battery to a solid metallic, non-painted part of the engine on the bad car, or the...
  30. C

    What is the Velocity of a Frictionless Car Passing Through Two Photo Gates?

    Homework Statement A frictionless car on a straight track tipped at 8.21° accelerates at 1.40 m/s². Released from rest and travels through 2 photo gates. First is 18.8cm away from starting position. Second is 14.8 cm from the first one. Whats the velocity as the car passes through each gate...
  31. C

    Two forces applied to car, direction?

    Two forces applied to car, direction?? Homework Statement Here is my given diagram and problem: Homework Equations I'm stuck on finding the direction. I tried using the equation theta=tan^-1(Ay/Ax), and the answer was incorrect. The Attempt at a Solution As you can see, I have...
  32. B

    Real Life Car Battery Experiment

    I studied mechanical engineering in college, so electrical engineering isn't my strongest suit. Basically I have a 12V car battery that I need to discharge to 70%, how can I do this? I know that I can monitor the state of charge by determining the open circuit voltage after ~24 hours of...
  33. N

    Each Car has Speed Corresponding to Max Normal Acceleration. Find Time Elasped

    Homework Statement The two cars A and B enter an unbanked and level turn. They cross line C-C simultaneously, and each car has the speed corresponding to a maximum normal acceleration of 0.94g in the turn. Determine the elapsed time for each car between its two crossings of line C-C. What is...
  34. M

    Physics of Car Driving on Banked Curve: Forces at Play

    When a car drives on a banked curve it pushes into the ground and the ground pushes back making its normal force bigger then it would be just form the perpendicular component (to the road) of gravity. And at a perfect speed, the normal force’s up component balances the gravity. My first question...
  35. D

    Racing car and frictional forces question

    [b]1. A racing car of mass 950kg accelerates from 30km/h to 170km/h over a distance of 220 meters. Frictional forces and wind resistance can be assumed to be 750N. Determine the tractive force produced by the car to provide this acceleration The car finally reaches a speed of 250km/h...
  36. A

    A pendulum inside an oscillation railroad car.

    Homework Statement A pendulum length l is suspended inside a railroad car. The railroad car is oscillating so that its suspension has position xs = A cos (ωt) and ys= 0. Use the angle \varphi as the generalized coordinate and write down the equations that give the Cartesian coordinates of the...
  37. T

    Car Passing Truck: Solving for Time Required

    Homework Statement The driver of a car wishes to pass a truck that is traveling at a constant speed of 20m/s. Initially, the car is also traveling at 20m/s and its front bumper is 24m behind the trucks rear bumper. the car accelerates at a constant 0.600 m/s^2 , then pulls back into the...
  38. H

    Calculating Car Acceleration: Kinematic Equations

    Homework Statement You are driving your car and you heavily apply the brakes for a period of 2.1 seconds. The car keeps moving for a distance of 14.6m before it completely stops. What is the acceleration (in m/s2) experienced by the car? Is it truly "acceleration"?Homework Equations 5...
  39. P

    Why do different car engines need different engine oils? I assume viscosity

    Does a stronger engine need a higher viscosity fluid? What's the reasoning behind this?
  40. H

    How to prove a car must turn in a curve?

    Hi I have been having a hard time visualizing how a car must turn in a curve we know 2 things: 1. if the steering wheel is held at an angle, the front wheels must be at a certain angle relative to the car frame as well as the back wheel at all time. 2. the wheels cannot have any...
  41. T

    Car on a banket - maximum speed formula derivation

    Hi, This is not related with a specific homework question. I was studying this topic and have noticed that I didn't understand some bits.The car is negotiating a bend with a speed of V. The slope of the banket is θ The coefficient of friction is η Weight of the car if mg Radius of the bend is R...
  42. D

    Momentum and energy equations for a car rolling over a step

    A model car with a main body mass M and four wheels each with mass m is rolling down a track at velocity v, when it encounters a step of height b, which is less than the wheel radius r. The wheels are rolling, not sliding, and we know the moment of inertia around their respective centers and...
  43. A

    Should I park my car with wheels straightened ?

    Some people park their cars with wheels turned and other do not. I myself like the straight wheels while parking. But technically, are there any problems if I park not straight ?
  44. A

    Automotive Video question about car spinning energy

    Hello dear physicists :) I have to admit it's been a long time since I studied physics in the university. And Sorry to disturb you with this video. Of course it is a very bad ad for Camry and the Saudi driving: But what catches my attention is how can the car spin that "violently"...
  45. 2

    Pushing a railway car without spinning the wheels?

    Hi everyone! I'm struggling to get my head around a calculation having not done any physics studies for 10 years - My brain is a little rusty. Please consider the following scenario: Railway trucks (railroad cars) are shunted around a yard using a tractor (Its a farm tractor on rubber tyres)...
  46. PhizKid

    Is it Possible to Turn a Car Without Skidding?

    Homework Statement Homework Equations F = ma The Attempt at a Solution First off, to keep the car from skidding to the side we want it to be constrained to move in a circle about the center of the turn because if it skids then it has deviated / veered off tangentially at some point...
  47. Q

    Designing simple car with suspension and brake system

    Homework Statement This is just for a formal engineering report, no product will be made. for my ME class, one of the very first courses. pre-requisite for this class is only vector static. This is the first week of class, and the lectures covered the role of engineers... I am being...
  48. A

    Sensor in car to calculate weight distribution?

    Hello, I’m currently working on a project in which I need to know the weight distribution in the four tires of a car at all times. I was thinking to install strain gauges somewhere in the chassis, or displacement sensors by the suspension. However I don’t feel these methods will give me...
  49. P

    Forces Acting on Accelerating Car

    Good day to all. I'm working on something that requires me to determine the forces acting on an accelerating vehicle. I have been receiving some prior instruction from someone I know and he tells me that quite simply, an accelerating car would experience forces (1) due to the aerodynamic drag...
  50. Z

    Estimate Damping Coefficient of Car with Hand Bouncing & Dropping

    I was wondering how I can estimate the damping coefficient of my car by doing the hand bouncing the car body and watching the motion of the car? Mechanics usually bounce the car by applying hand force and watching how the car moves in harmonic motion. Is there a way to estimate the damping...
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