What is Car: Definition and 1000 Discussions

A car (or automobile) is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transportation. Most definitions of cars say that they run primarily on roads, seat one to eight people, have four wheels, and mainly transport people rather than goods.Cars came into global use during the 20th century, and developed economies depend on them. The year 1886 is regarded as the birth year of the modern car when German inventor Karl Benz patented his Benz Patent-Motorwagen. Cars became widely available in the early 20th century. One of the first cars accessible to the masses was the 1908 Model T, an American car manufactured by the Ford Motor Company. Cars were rapidly adopted in the US, where they replaced animal-drawn carriages and carts, but took much longer to be accepted in Western Europe and other parts of the world.Cars have controls for driving, parking, passenger comfort, and a variety of lights. Over the decades, additional features and controls have been added to vehicles, making them progressively more complex, but also more reliable and easier to operate. These include rear-reversing cameras, air conditioning, navigation systems, and in-car entertainment. Most cars in use in the early 2020s are propelled by an internal combustion engine, fueled by the combustion of fossil fuels. Electric cars, which were invented early in the history of the car, became commercially available in the 2000s and are predicted to cost less to buy than gasoline cars before 2025. The transition from fossil fuels to electric cars features prominently in most climate change mitigation scenarios, such as Project Drawdown's 100 actionable solutions for climate change.There are costs and benefits to car use. The costs to the individual include acquiring the vehicle, interest payments (if the car is financed), repairs and maintenance, fuel, depreciation, driving time, parking fees, taxes, and insurance. The costs to society include maintaining roads, land use, road congestion, air pollution, public health, healthcare, and disposing of the vehicle at the end of its life. Traffic collisions are the largest cause of injury-related deaths worldwide.Personal benefits include on-demand transportation, mobility, independence, and convenience. Societal benefits include economic benefits, such as job and wealth creation from the automotive industry, transportation provision, societal well-being from leisure and travel opportunities, and revenue generation from taxes. People's ability to move flexibly from place to place has far-reaching implications for the nature of societies. There are around 1 billion cars in use worldwide. Car usage is increasing rapidly, especially in China, India and other newly industrialized countries.

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  1. T

    Force on the car in a collision

    Homework Statement Car A with mass 1000 kg is accelerating at 1ms-2 at car B. Car B with mass 1000 kg is accelerating at 1ms-2 at car A. What is the force on car B at the collision? Homework Equations F = ma Newton's third law The Attempt at a Solution Car A force: F = ma F = 1000 x 1 F =...
  2. J

    Weight Transfer in Car Tires, and Suspension

    I've been looking up how weight transfers between car tires in various forms of acceleration, and I've found some formulas. For linear acceleration, I found this formula on Wikipedia: ΔWeight = (accel) * (height of center of mass) * (mass) / (wheelbase) en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weight_transfer...
  3. C

    Car C1 Speed Needed to Rotate C2 180 Degrees

    A car (C1) coming in the opposite direction hits the other car (C2) at right angle. The car which gets hit, C2 rotates in 180 degrees. What was the speed of the car C1? Assumptions: Both cars have same tyres. W of C1 =3200lb (2012 Honda Accord)...
  4. lisab

    John Nash and his Wife Killed in Car Accident

    So sad. The mathematician who inspired the story "A Beautiful Mind", was killed in a taxi accident, along with his wife. They were both in their 80s. RIP. http://www.nj.com/middlesex/index.ssf/2015/05/famed_a_beautiful_mind_mathematician_wife_killed_in_taxi_crash_police_say.html
  5. T

    Calculating Force Needed to Maintain Constant Speed in Car

    A car whose mass is 1000 kg is traveling at a constant speed of 10ms-1. Neglecting any friction, how much force will the engine have to supply to keep going the same speed? F = ma Since it is traveling at a constant speed then acceleration = 0 ms-2 hence the answer is 0. F = m x a F = 1000 x 0...
  6. A

    Calculate turning angle - 2 wheels car

    i am looking for a function for calculating the turning angle, using the difference between two wheels speed. i have a model car , with 2 engines and 2 wheels, without steering. thanks.
  7. E

    Automotive Car vac (100W) vs Home Vac (1000W)....

    A typical home vacuum cleaner has the following specs Input watts (Electrical) = 1000W Suction = 80 inch H2O Output watts = 100 air watts where as a 12V car vacuum cleaner has Input watts (Electrical) = 100W Suction = unspecified (10 inch guesswork) output watts = unspecified (10 air watts...
  8. Shanevan

    Can you charge a 12v car battery with capacitor?

    can you charge a 12v car battery with capacitor
  9. L

    Can I get help with a car speed question? (to fight a traffic ticket)

    Can anyone tell me how much the speed of a car going 60 mph would slow down going up a 30 degrees incline?
  10. CleverBigIdeas

    Automotive Race Car Safety: Protecting the Driver's Waist Down Area

    I have been thinking about racecar safety, specifically protecting the driver's waist down area. I was thinking of a transmission tunnel, firewall area, and floor board (just by pedals) Here's The Idea: What if I used a Carbon Fibre/ Kevlar weave to be flexable into the position you want then...
  11. L

    Why does wind enter a car window?

    When you are driving and open the window, wind blows into it, but what causes the perpendicular direction of the air's motion to your direction of travel into the car? For instance, a bus. A bus is basically a rectangular prism with parallel window sets on either side, completely parallel to...
  12. J

    Will a Car Skid? | Friction and Centripetal Acceleration

    1. A car travels around a circle with a diameter of 500m at a constant speed of 25 m/s. The static friction coefficient is 0.3 and the kinetic friction coefficient is 0.2. Will the car skid? 2. F = ma. Ffr = μmg. Centripetal acceleration = v2/radius3. So the math for this particular problem was...
  13. M

    Car acceleration force required to size a DC motor torque

    I'm working on making a model car, and am trying to calculate the torque required to accelerate the car from a stop to 1.22m/s in 1 second, so I can pick out the right DC motor... The acceleration required is 1.22m/s/s (~ 4ft/s) The weight of the car is 0.85 kg The drive wheels diameters are...
  14. S

    Can you close a car door underwater?

    Hi there, I was wondering if it is possible to close a car door underwater? I understand that, due to differential pressure, you cannot open a car door until the pressure equalises. But is it possible to close a car door underwater? Sorry, I know it must sound like a rather silly question...
  15. S

    Cleaning crystal meth residue from car

    I had a roommate that is a regular user of meth. I recently found out that smoking meth leaves a residue behind that can be absorbed through the skin, which worries me because I let him borrow my car and he smoked meth in it before. I'm kind of a hypochondriac when it comes to health issues like...
  16. Chaos_Theory

    Friction in non-uniform circular motion of a car

    Hi guys... So i searched the net for 2 whole days and found a couple of topics on how static friction is responsible for creating the force required to keep the body moving in a circle.. Friction points towards the center of the circle ONLY when the car is free wheeling i.e moving at a constant...
  17. K

    Spring Constant to Bring a Car to Rest

    Homework Statement What should be the spring constant k of a spring designed to bring a 1400 kg car to rest from a speed of 28 m/sec so that the occupants undergo a maximum acceleration of 5g’s? I have the solution manual and can see how they did this, but am curious as to why my attempt did...
  18. B

    Automotive Combution, energy and pressure relation

    Hello guys, I'm currently working on a car simulation just for fun, but I'm stuck... The force to move a car is generated by burning fuel ( to be more percise, diesel or gasolin). But there are more variables: Pressure (i know this because of turbos and such) amount of fuel amount of air (or...
  19. S

    Calculate power to have the car at a certain speed

    Homework Statement **Rollercoaster is being built and the values are the specifications[/B] Determine the power needed to raise the cars to the top of the hill and have them traveling at the wanted speed. Height of hill: 65m Speed at top of hill: 2.5m/s Time to raise cars: 40 seconds Total...
  20. **Mariam**

    Wheels, car and friction concepts

    Hello, I am a high school student and I am studying about rotational motion this term. However, I am having a bit of trouble understanding some concepts about this idea; specifically about cars and turns. First of all before talking about cars turning corners and the forces there, I don't even...
  21. Jam 1959

    Automotive Wind tunnel to do smoke testing of my Formula Vee racing car

    Hello.I need help with wind tunnel.The test section is 2m x 2.5 m x 5 m long.How do I work out size of inlet cone.Thanks in advance
  22. C

    Calculating the Frequency of Vertical Vibration in a Bouncing Car

    Hi, I hope somebody can help me.I'm stuck in this problem..I want to make sure I made it right before sending to the teacher.Thank you very much 1. Homework Statement An 80.0 kg student sits down in his 920 kg car, and his weight causes the causes the car's springs to sink an additional 4.0 x...
  23. T

    Brake design for a small RC car

    Hi! For a university project I have to design a braking mechanism for a remote controlled car. I have very little experience in designing constructions, so I thought I'd ask here for any advice on the matter. I'm mostly curious about the design pattern, the thought process I should be going...
  24. NaughtyBear

    Creating a Remote Control Car with Arduino and Raspberry Pi

    So I have looked over a few other posts and do not feel like they are covering what I would like done. So I am currently using an Arduino Uno for the controller and am wanting to use an onboard Raspberry Pi in order to run the code and will be attached to my schools wifi in order to have a...
  25. RisingSun361

    Light Speed at 0.8c: Is My Understanding Correct?

    The following is my understanding of how light travels: I’m driving my car at 0.8 c, and turn on the headlights. The light comes out at 0.2 c, producing a net speed of exactly 1.0 c. I see it as 1.0 c, and an observer on the side of the road sees it as 1.0 c, although the light itself is...
  26. B

    Is it possible my car is reducing the charge in my cell?

    When I plug attempt to charge up my cell phone by plugging the cell phone charger in the cigarette outlet in my car, the cell phone charge icon will light up like it does when it is charging, but the charge on my battery will decrease fairly quickly at the same time. I suppose it's possible...
  27. M

    Find for how much time, the car with stop and how many meter

    Homework Statement A car with mass 1000kg moves with velocity 50 km/hour. The system of deceleration in a car is based on the principle of "force match" that is applied on each of four wheels with a force of 210 N and the ray of the wheel is 0.3m. Find for how much time, the car with stop and...
  28. personage

    Car Wing Design for Downforce: Efficiency Explored

    Hi everyone, Just out of curiosity, Will this car wing design be effective in generating downforce? I've done some research and read that downforce is essentially the opposite of lift, so a design of an upside down airplane wing would be effective in producing a downforce - yet this car wing...
  29. A

    Is My Vehicle in Danger of Sinking if Water Enters?

    I need to know approximately what percentage of a vehicle with an airtight passenger compartment must be filled with water before it sinks to the bottom. The fact that it is airtight may normally prevent it from sinking, but if a window was cracked from impact, and water slowly trickled in...
  30. W

    Why Can External Road Forces Be Neglected in a Collision Analysis?

    Homework Statement What is the x-component of the velocity of the stuck-together car and truck just after the collision? speed= -7.32352941176471 m/s You are correct. c) In your analysis in part (b), why can you neglect the effect of the force of the road on the car and truck? Homework...
  31. E

    Work, Force, Energy and power question about moving car.

    Homework Statement A car has a power output of 45kW and travels at a constant speed of 30m/s. What force is the engine applying on the car? Homework Equations F=m*a W=ΔKE+ΔGPE KE=½mv^2 GPE=mgh W=F*d P=ΔE/ΔT gh_1+½v_1^2=gh_2+½v_2^2 The Attempt at a Solution I really have no clue. Since there...
  32. T

    How long will a 300 CCA, 12V car battery last with 18Ah?

    If CCA can be translated directly to Amps then would I be able to run the battery at max capacity for only 3.6 minutes? 18 / 300 * 60 = 3.6 Minutes? Or am I looking at something wrong?
  33. R

    Solving Car Crash Scenario: Find v1 of Car A

    Homework Statement Car A (m1=1405kg) crashes into Car B (m2=873kg) which is stationary and perpendicular to Car A. Car B is moved a distance of 1.8m out of the way and Car A rolls to a stop 9.6m away at 1.93 m/s. Assuming the coefficient of friction is 0.8, can the velocity of Car A be...
  34. H

    Car Crash Physics Project: Whiplash & Brain Injury Risk

    Okay so I have to do a project that examines whiplash and brain injury in physics. My scenario is a minivan full of 7 people of various masses. This van is at rest and gets struck from behind by a truck going 75 mph. What is a reasonable acceleration for the van after it gets struck? I'm trying...
  35. Ahmad Ramadan

    Static weight transfer of car with two wheels elevated

    I am trying to figure out what the weight transfer, CoG transfer, and actual weight for each wheel is, for the vehicles (specifically the Subaru wagon at 2:00 minutes) undergoing this test: My friend argues the test is flawed because so much of the weight is on the tires contacting the...
  36. E

    Automotive Exploring Simple Front Wing Designs for Single-Seater Cars

    Hi to all the members, I have to consider the front wing car of a single-seater car and then optemize it. I want to consider a simple front wing not like those of F1 because they are too complicate to analyze. I want to consider a simple one (biplane) with not strong variation of curvature. Can...
  37. gracy

    Friction Questions: How Does a Car Turn?

    https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/friction-questions-how-does-a-car-turn.150321/ I have a doubt regarding the following line of post 6 of the above particular thread According to below lines of the mentioned post The applied force will accelerate the box towards the north, so it will move in...
  38. R

    Automotive As a mechanical project we have been asked to design a micro steam car

    [ mod note: moved from homework ] as a mechanical project we have been asked to design a micro steam car. we have chosen to use a wobbler engine for this. The aim of the project to see how far this car can travel based on a given amount of fuel. We are making a boiler which will provide the...
  39. G

    What is the force of the boom on the car at the top of circle?

    Homework Statement An amusement ride consists of a car moving in a vertical circle on the end of a rigid boom. The radius of the circle is 10 m. The combined weight of the car and riders is 5.0 kN. At the top of the circle the car has a speed of 5.0 m/s which is not changing at that instant...
  40. R.C

    Power Generation (Optimization) in a Car Engine

    **Long Post** 1. Homework Statement The Mazda MX5 (2001-2005) comes with two engine sizes, 1.6 litre and 1.8 litre which are rated as 110 bhp and 146 bhp respectively at 6,500 rpm. You are required to choose one of the two engine sizes and analyse the system with a view to improving the power...
  41. S

    Automotive How much power does my car actually need to maintain speed?

    Hello PF, I have a problem that I cannot solve. Assuming my car weighs 4000 pounds with passengers and cargo and is traveling at 100 feet per second, this requires 4000lb*100ft/s = 400,000 ft-lb/s or 727.3 hp of work. But I know the engine is only producing about 50 or 60 hp, and I'm...
  42. P

    Work on a car that is skidding to a stop

    http://www.physicsclassroom.com/mmedia/energy/cs.cfmCan you guys explain why a car that is skidding to a stop has the same kinetic energy as its potential after it has stopped?
  43. T

    Determine speed needed to cause rollover of car hitting ramp

    Hello, So my issue is as follows: You have a car going at a constant speed and the right side of the car hits a ramp which causes that side to elevate and cause the car to rotate about its x axis. What I need to figure out is how fast does the car need to hit the ramp to cause a rollover...
  44. A

    Circular Motion. Roller-coaster mass of car and max speed

    Homework Statement A roller-coaster car speeds down a hill pas point A and then rolls up a hill past point B. A. Car speed = 20 m/s at point A. If the track exerts a normal force on the car of 2.06x10^4N at this point, what is the mass of the car? (account for gravitational force) B. What is...
  45. JamesB93

    Dynamics assignment, power output of car

    I'm currently studying Mechanical Engineering at Level 3 in the UK and I'm beginning my integrated masters in September. I've missed a large chunk of my studies this year due to a broken collarbone I sustained earlier in the year. Instead of getting any special dispensation I'm trying to work my...
  46. B

    Physics and Accident Reconstruction: Solving the Drag Equation

    HI all, I am new to the forum and have a real question for you physics buffs. It has to do with drag. For a mathematics paper, I am exploring the use of physics in accident reconstruction. I want to use calculus to create differential equations for the drag equation .5p(Cd)(A)v^2... I want a...
  47. P

    How Long Does It Take for Electro-Fiasco I to Travel 1.0 km from Start to Stop?

    Homework Statement A sportscar, Electro-Fiasco I, can accelerate uniformly to 100 km/h in 3.5 s. Its maximum braking rate cannot exceed 0.7g. What is the minimum time required to go 1.0 km, assuming it begins and ends at rest? Homework Equations $$\Delta x = \int_{t_1}^{t_2} v(t) dt$$ The...
  48. V

    Truck collision with a resting car

    So a truck hits a car, which is at rest. Would there be a moment in time when a car stops exerting a force in equal magnitude but in opposite direction (Newton's third law)? To put in some arbitrarily numbers to make the example easier to understand. Truck weighs 1000 kg, and the car weighs...
  49. Lesliedenise57

    What is the magnitude of the average velocity v of the car?

    Homework Statement A car is traveling a road that makes quarter of a circle with a constant speed s. What is the magnitude of the average velocity v of the car? Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution this is what I have down but I am not sure if I am right *constant speed formula...
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