What is Light: Definition and 1000 Discussions

Light or visible light is electromagnetic radiation within the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is perceived by the human eye. Visible light is usually defined as having wavelengths in the range of 400–700 nanometres (nm), between the infrared (with longer wavelengths) and the ultraviolet (with shorter wavelengths). This wavelength means a frequency range of roughly 430–750 terahertz (THz).

The primary properties of visible light are intensity, propagation-direction, frequency or wavelength spectrum and polarization. Its speed in a vacuum, 299 792 458 metres a second (m/s), is one of the fundamental constants of nature, as with all types of electromagnetic radiation (EMR), light is found in experimental conditions to always move at this speed in a vacuum.In physics, the term 'light' sometimes refers to electromagnetic radiation of any wavelength, whether visible or not. In this sense, gamma rays, X-rays, microwaves and radio waves are also light. Like all types of electromagnetic radiation, visible light propagates as waves. However, the energy imparted by the waves is absorbed at single locations the way particles are absorbed. The absorbed energy of the electromagnetic waves is called a photon and represents the quanta of light. When a wave of light is transformed and absorbed as a photon, the energy of the wave instantly collapses to a single location and this location is where the photon "arrives". This is what is called the wave function collapse. This dual wave-like and particle-like nature of light is known as the wave–particle duality. The study of light, known as optics, is an important research area in modern physics.
The main source of light on Earth is the Sun. Historically, another important source of light for humans has been fire, from ancient campfires to modern kerosene lamps. With the development of electric lights and power systems, electric lighting has effectively replaced firelight.

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  1. N

    I Speed of Light & Magnetic Field: Condensing Wave Speed?

    If the speed of light is ~300 m/s in a vacuum, can the electric and magnetic fields of the wave be condensed such that it travels faster? The idea being that an outside force condenses these fields and lenghtens the wavelenght with no loss of energy thus increasing the directional speed. The...
  2. S

    Finding the Minimum Thickness for Destructive Interference in Thin Films

    Homework Statement A uniform film of TiO2, 1036 nm thick and having index of refraction 2.62, is spread uniformly over the surface of crown glass of refractive index 1.52. Light of wavelength 515 nm falls at normal incidence onto the film from air. You want to increase the thickness of this...
  3. Arman777

    I Why the speed of light is constant for every observer?

    Why the speed of light is constant for every observer ? Is it a special thing for photons cause I guess there's no other elementry particle that can move with c ? Also I want to investigate the constant of c for every observer, in the perspective of particle relationship. For example, can I...
  4. V

    A Light polarization in charged exciton in Voigt configuration

    Dear all, I'm studying a charged exciton system, composed by two ground states (electron spin up 1/2 and down state -1/2) and the two heavy hole trion state (up 3/2 and down -3/2). In this case the light which couples two ground states and the trion state has right/left polarization, to...
  5. ISamson

    B Light, Photons, Waves, Particles: Wave-Particle Duality....

    Me and my friend have recently (half a year ago) had a huge debate, between ourselves, about the wave-particle duality. We took sides in light being a particle or a wave. I was for particle he was for waves. At the end of a hot-filled week of arguing, the debate ended up with the acceptance of...
  6. D

    Creating Coherent Light from UV LEDs and Pinhole Aperture

    I've read that using a pinhole aperture and a wavelength filter can turn a "white" incoherent light source like a light bulb into a temporally and spatially coherent light source (albeit at low efficiency). Can a temporally and spatially coherent light source be made with a monoenergetic (or...
  7. A

    How can I get only one single photon with a coherent light source?

    Hi! We will make a lab analogous to the stern gerlach experiments but with polarized light. How can we get only one single photon in experiment with a coherent light source? I'm going to make a lab where we need to get in only one single photo at a time. I have read that you can use some...
  8. A

    Diffraction Grating and White Light Problem

    Homework Statement White light containing wavelengths from 400 nm to 750 nm falls on a grating with 6000 lines/cm. How wide is the first-order spectrum on a screen 2.0 meters away Homework Equations dsinθ=mλ for constructive interference dsinθ=(m+1/2)λ for destructive interference Δx = λL/d...
  9. N

    B Are the Sun's rays reaching us always parallel?

    My book says that the Sun's rays reaching us are always parallel. See this image Are the Sun's rays reaching us always **PARALLEL rays**? I will be thankful for help!
  10. M

    How to calculate the intensity of light, given area and mass

    Homework Statement You want to support a sheet of fireproof paper horizontally, using only a vertical upward beam of light spread uniformly over the sheet. There is no other light on this paper. The sheet measures 20.8 cm by 28.8 cm and has a mass of 1.70 g . (a) If the paper is black and...
  11. T

    I Can light near a black hole travel in -t in external coords?

    Many diagrams show light cones tipping over when closer to a black hole singularity, such that emitted light can have a downwards (negative time) component in the distant observer coordinate frame. e.g this diagram: or this one: or this one: However, other diagrams show that the light...
  12. N

    B Answer Questions on Relativity & Speed of Light | Beginner Physics

    Can anyone help me with a very basic question please. Is it really not possible for anything to travel faster than the speed of light, as dictated by relativity theory ? I am a complete beginner to Physics and only have very basic mathematics knowledge and I'm trying to understand the basics of...
  13. J

    Does black hole stop light or time?

    I have been told the speed of light is constant and does not waiver. This would make sense as light has no mass I am aware of. Pictures taken during a solar eclipse seem to prove gravity bends light. Could it be however that the light is not bent, only the time/space light is traveling through...
  14. A

    Distortions in time when going near light speed

    So I was wondering that why does time move slower the faster you get ? And does it happen at all or is this is just fake ?
  15. H

    B Debate about how a light year can be used

    If I say that a star will die after 50 million light years, can I also say that that after 50 million EARTH years, the star will die BECAUSE DISTANCE AND TIME ARE INTER-CHANGABLE (if a airplane travels from point A to point B and the distance is 200 miles, I can also say that the distance is...
  16. O

    How can light be partially polarized?

    Homework Statement I'm a new physics teacher and was teaching about polarization of light today. A student asked me a question I wasn't sure of the answer to. Let's say you have two polarizing filters stacked on top of one another. The first filter is held so that the spaces in the filter are...
  17. jedishrfu

    Harvard Scientists Create New States of Light

    Scientists are exploring new states of light with orbital angular momentum https://futurism.com/harvard-scientists-made-material-creates-completely-new-states-light/ Research paper http://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2017/11/01/science.aao5392
  18. T

    I Is my thought right or wrong? Light and a moving observer

    I would like to know whether my thought is right or wrong about time dilation example. Let's say, A person is standing at a starting point so his velocity is 0 ms'1. A car runs from that point in the velocity of 3 ms'1. A photon from a light source at that point is also emitted at the same...
  19. I

    Electromagnetic waves/radiation properties?

    As I understand it, light is an electromagnetic wave consisting of an oscillating electric and magnetic fields perpendicular to each other. Are there experiments that will demonstrate (a) there is an electric field present? Stark effect? (b) a magnetic field, (c) that they are perpendicular to...
  20. A

    B Gravitational Wave Stretching: LIGO Arm vs Light

    I'm puzzled that the stretching of space by a gravitational wave stretches the LIGO arm but not the light within it. Because we are told that the red shift of a distant galaxy is caused by light being stretched by the expansion of space (the universe).
  21. Joe Fatuch

    I How does the speed of light affect expansion acceleration?

    I may have a fundamental misunderstanding of the concept, but I was wondering, how does the accelerating expansion of the universe calculate for the time dilation in light travel? From my understanding, we know that the universe expansion is accelerating because the farthest galaxies that we...
  22. shaf777

    Spectrum Intensity of Light

    Homework Statement I have an equation to solve. See the attach pichture. I(r,φ,λ) = I0.sin(2πr/R).sin2(φ).(1/λ) where I0 , R are constants r,φ are cylindrical coordinates 0≤r≤R/2 : the cut is laterally limited λa ≤ λ ≤ λb : the beam contains a limited frequency spektrum where the shortcut for...
  23. Luc B

    Discover the Fascinating Fresnel and Arago Spot Experiments in Belgium

    Hello from Belgium. Bruxelles. In 1815, Fresnel made, with Arago, the experience of Poisson spot. (or Arago spot, or Fresnel bright spot). A bright point that appears at the center of a circular object's shadow due to Fresnel diffraction. Arago and Fresnel glue a round opaque screen on a glass...
  24. P

    I Computational physics - Light trajectory near black hole

    Dear all, I am currently doing a project about the light trajectory near Schwarzschild black hole. I wrote down a couple of differential equation and I have created a C++ program hoping to solve the orbit of light. However, the program results turn out to be quite weird. The differential...
  25. SunRay-dvsh

    A Why light beams attract or repel each other even when they don't have charge

    Hi, Can someone please explain as to why light beams attract or repel each other even when they don't have charge. Seems like it behaves like two current carrying parallel wires. There is very little material about this which goes completely above the head. Thanks
  26. D

    Methods of Trapping Laser Light

    A) Can the light of a laser be trapped by a spherical mirror. B) would it help to have a liquid in the sphere so as to distribute this light equally throughout the volume of the sphere. Assume laser is shown in the internally spherical constantly. The key is that we want this light to remain in...
  27. L

    Tension in Suspended Traffic Light Problem

    Homework Statement Homework Equations Weight = Tension in y direction?? The Attempt at a Solution I thought that W = the tension in the y direction of the two cables so that T2y and T1y are both 20 N each. Thus, i calculated that the tension in AC is 33 N ( cos(53.1) = 20/T1 --> T1 = 20/...
  28. R

    B Visual Effects of Light Travel: Analyzing "Journey to Edge of Universe

    Hi, Can someone please anlayse the visual effects for light travel in the documentary 'Journey to edge of the universe' Especially around the 43:12 and the 1:02:20 mark. Can you also tell me if it is or is not an accurate depiction of what we should be seeing theoretically?
  29. T

    What is the Role of Language in Scientific Pursuits?

    I'm Timo Moilanen , physics my hobby chemistry mytrade BsC English third language or worse .
  30. T

    Explore New Business Fields for Light Sensitive Sensors

    Hey :) I am currently doing a project on university in cooperation with CERN where I have to find new business fields for light sensitive sensors (CMOS) which every camera contains. The special feature is the radiation hardness. So you can use it for example for detecting x-rays or you can use...
  31. V

    B Reflection of light from the mirror

    What is exactly happening when the light hit a surface of a mirror? I know it is not same as a bounce of ball from the wall, because of constant speed of light for example. So I suppose the light is absorbed by electron of reflecting material. This probably define the materials who are...
  32. M

    A system comprising blocks, a light frictionless pulley, and

    Homework Statement A system comprising blocks, a light frictionless pulley, and connecting ropes is shown. The 9-kg block is on a smooth horizontal table (μ = 0). The surfaces of the 12-kg block are rough, with μ = 0.30. In Fig. 5.7, the mass M is set so that it descends at constant velocity...
  33. B

    Explore Polarized Light: Tilted Polarizer Effects

    https://www.dropbox.com/s/t5lv4nlunn35ok8/phy1.PNG?dl=0 https://www.dropbox.com/s/ktc9pj7qmqhejrv/phy2.PNG?dl=0 https://www.dropbox.com/s/qbjz1p1gokvsgj2/Capture3.PNG?dl=0 I googled "polarizer film diagram" and "malu's law" and "polarizer physics" to obtain the pictures in this thread. I...
  34. Allen_Wolf

    Single Ray of Light: Visible from All Angles?

    IMAGINE an infinitely large space where there exists no particles or energy fields at all. If we introduce a single photon or a single ray of light, will it be visible from all angles?
  35. R

    B 2 clocks -- Using orthogonal light path detectors in a space ship

    Hi I can't see the error in this can someone please explain where I went wrong? A man is in a spaceship traveling at a constant velocity He makes 2 identical tubes of length L with a mirror at one end, tube a and tube b He has a single light bulb. Next to the bulb is a detector. He carefully...
  36. L

    What types of light can safely pass through the human body?

    What types of light are able to pass through the human body without causing damage to tissue or individual cells? Are there any truly safe alternatives to x-rays that could allow doctors to see internal body parts but not cause damage from extended exposure?
  37. A

    A few questions about light and how things work

    Hello first time posting anything like this to people that have a better grasp on these ideas. Please pardon the lack of proper language structure. So to my understanding that light travels on photons. The light from a source comes out in waves and particles. As it travels redshift will happen...
  38. marmstrong941

    B Is anyone looking for this: reaching speed of light

    is anyone looking for what might be the effect of something going into or coming out of the speed of light?
  39. A

    I Does slowing light with a BEC change any of its properties?

    So I understand that scientists have been able to slow light to extremely low speeds using Bose-Einstein Condensates and even without them (https://physics.aps.org/story/v3/st37) and if I understand this correctly they slow light the same way water or air does; atoms absorb the photons and...
  40. C

    B Speed of light and modern physics

    What will happen if something traveling faster than light is found?What effect will it have on modern physics?
  41. E

    I Speed of gravity vs. speed of light

    GW170817 showed that gamma rays came 2 seconds after gravitational waves. (after 130M years) Are these two seconds uncertainty at determination of difference of these speeds? Or is it possible to explain, why 2 seconds of difference, or is it possible to explain, at least, a part of this...
  42. Physicsislifetome

    B Is Light Traveling Through Time?

    If we need light speed to travel in time and light already have it , so is light traveling in time
  43. H

    B Does a gravitational wave change the speed of light?

    Suppose at the instant a gravitational wave passes through an interferometer, one of the interferometer's arm get stretched by 1%. Would the wavelength of the photon traveling in the arm also get stretched by 1%? If so, then would the frequency of the photon remain the same and hence increasing...
  44. Erik Ayer

    I Light amplification with open-ended laser tube

    Is it possible to get a laser tube with the ends unmirrored, designed such that a photon being sent through will have a good chance of stimulating another photon to be emitted? If this is possible, then a beam of light going into the tube would be roughly doubled in intensity. When stimulated...
  45. M

    B How is light influenced really close to the event horizon?

    I was just wondering as it seems pretty counter intuitive that there is a really defined horizon where light can't escape from a black hole. It would make more sense to me if light gradually curved into one. Or does it do this? Please enlighten me ;)!
  46. E

    Applications of Interference of Light Waves

    Hi! I just had some questions. Is there any jobs or careers that directly relate with the interference of light waves. I know that an optical engineer would be one but they would create lenses for telescopes and stuff. I don't understand how that would relate to the interference of light, are...
  47. G

    B Concept of the stability of the speed of light

    Help with the question of the concept of the stability of the speed of light. I gather that current atomic clocks are based upon the speed of the electron around their nucleus, which is a function of the speed of light. Measurements of the speed of light that depend upon atomic clocks therefore...
  48. J

    I Speed of light on a moving platform

    1. We have a moving platform traveling 700 miles per hour to the Right-Direction. 2. In the middle of the platform, we have a gun which fires a laser both at the front and back of the platform at the same time. 3. We have at both the front and back of the platform, a mechanical device. These...
  49. K

    Does light refraction play a role in bubble iridescence?

    We know interference of waves play a role in causing "colors" on soap bubbles. But does light refraction play a role in bubble iridescence? When the light wave travels into the soap bubble surface, won't it refract since the wave is into a different matter (what matter the soap bubble surface...
  50. K_Physics

    Relative Intensity of Various Light Sources - Lab Experiment

    Homework Statement I've linked my data table down below. My problem is the relative intensity column. From the table, the units of relative intensity are w/m/s. I'm assuming this is power/velocity, where velocity is the speed of light. However, nowhere in the lab manual did it mention the...
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