What is Torsion: Definition and 236 Discussions

In mathematics, specifically in ring theory, a torsion element is an element of a module that yields zero when multiplied by some non-zero-divisor of the ring. The torsion submodule of a module is the submodule formed by the torsion elements. A torsion module is a module that equals its torsion submodule. A module is torsion free if its torsion submodule is reduced to the zero element.
This terminology is more commonly used for modules over a domain, that is, when the regular elements of the ring are all its nonzero elements.
This terminology applies to abelian groups (with "module" and "submodule" replaced by "group" and "subgroup"). This is allowed by the fact that the abelian groups are the modules over the ring of integers (in fact, this is the origin of the terminology, that has been introduced for abelian groups before being generalized to modules).
In the case of groups that are noncommutative, a torsion element is an element of finite order. Contrarily to the commutative case, the torsion elements do not form a subgroup, in general.

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  1. D

    MHB Curvature and torsion on a helix

    Consider the case of a right circular helical curve with parameterization \(x(t) = R\cos(\omega t)\), \(y(t) = R\sin(\omega t)\), and \(z(t) = v_0t\). Find the curvature and torsion curve. http://img30.imageshack.us/img30/7828/gwi.png We can then parameterize the helix \begin{align*}...
  2. B

    Torsion in a hollow beam cross-section

    Homework Statement The problem is regarding the question on the attached file called 'QUESTION3.png' This is urgent so please reply if you can. Homework Equations The attempt is in the file attached. Is my procedure correct? Am I missing something or is something wrong? Also, how do...
  3. V

    Direction of stresses in torsion

    In the fig. attached below,a circular bar is subjected to torsion. A point is considered on the surface of the bar(denoted by point 1). The shear stresses are shown . Why don't we take one of the stresses in the radial direction??
  4. M

    Finding diameter of torsion shaft

    Homework Statement The solid shaft is made from brass that has an allowable shear stress = 100 MPa and a shear modulus of elasticity G = 39 GPa. The length of the shaft is L = 2 m, and over the length of the shaft the allowable angle of twist is θ = 0.10 rad.the shaft is subjected to a...
  5. P

    Design experiment to determine bending strength and torsion of ruler

    hello everyone! so as the title suggest, i wonder if anyone would have any idea to design a simple experiment to determine the bending strength and torsion of a plastic ruler. it doesn't need to be extensive, as the value of the strenght itself isn't important. i just want to know e.g how...
  6. T

    Torsion and Curvature: Understaind The Theory of Curves

    I don't really understand the point in Curvature and Torsion, I am wondering if someone could explain them to me. Thank you for your kindness: Why do mathematicians need Curvature and Torsion? What are their main uses??
  7. F

    How Do You Calculate Torsion Spring Parameters?

    1. Problem statement. 2. Relative formulas http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torsion_spring 3. Attempt. Part a) Since I am given the arc length S and radius, I use the equation s = r(theta) and I solve for theta, with r being the length of the rod and the addition of the radius of the ball...
  8. pellman

    How would torsion affect the particle equation of motion?

    Background for the question: In standard GR the equation of motion of a (classical) particle is a geodesic. A geodesic is a curve along which the tangent vector is parallel transported. If the tangent vector is denoted by V this condition is \nabla_V V=0 In components this is...
  9. A

    Calculating the torsion constant

    Homework Statement A thin metal disk with mass 2.00E-3kg and radius 2.20cm is attached at its center to a long fiber. The disk, when twisted and released, oscillates with a period of 1.00s. Find the torsion constant of the fiber. Homework Equations a) ω=sqrt(κ/I) b) f=1/(2π)...
  10. Fernando Revilla

    MHB Bebe's question at Yahoo Answers (Curv. and torsion)

    Here is the question: Here is a link to the question: Consider the curve r(t)=<sinh t, cosh t, t>? - Yahoo! Answers I have posted a link there to this topic so the OP can find my response.
  11. N

    Can torsion avoid the big bang singularity

    Interesting theory for consideration: Cosmology with torsion: An alternative to cosmic inflation http://arxiv.org/abs/1007.0587Nikodem J. Poplawski (Submitted on 4 Jul 2010 (v1), last revised 2 Nov 2010 (this version, v2)) In this work, we considered the ECKS theory of gravity which is the...
  12. E

    Expression for Torsion Constant of Varying Thickness Box Section

    Hello Everyone, I am after an expression for the torsion stiffness constant of a rectangular hollow section (RHS) with varying wall thickness. I have done some research into finding an expression that allows for four varying wall thicknesses but have not found anything as of yet. The only...
  13. B

    Maximizing Projectile Distance with Torsion Spring Catapult

    Homework Statement Determine maximum distance an one ounce projectile can be launched with a torsion spring catapult. Homework Equations E = F * d = 1/2 * m * v02Note: Theta is the measurement of how far the lever arm is being pulled back. Am I missing something?
  14. Femme_physics

    Understanding Torsion in a Welded Part

    This is a WELDED PART, the welding is marked in the drawing at the left side. http://img94.imageshack.us/img94/5414/torsionp.jpg My lecturer claims that the moment here causes torsion! How come? I can't imagine torsion working without a 3D model...
  15. B

    Mechanics torsion analysis help

    Homework Statement the statement: You are taked to design a 2m long shaft which is to be manufactured either as a solid circular bar or a circular tube. the shaft is required to transmit a torque of 100Nm without exceeding the alloqable strength of material. Find the required outer...
  16. P

    Does torsion make parallel transport direction dependent?

    Torsion has propped up in a couple of recent threads, but none of my texts really cover it well. Does torsion make parallel transport direction dependent? I.e. if we parallel transport some vector v "forwards" along a curve, and then "backwards" along the very same curve to its starting...
  17. M

    Free body diagram on moment and torsion

    Homework Statement It's not exactly a homework question, just want to see if i have the right concept in drawing free body diagrams See attached Picture. In case 1, the object is fastened on plane x-z and the rectangular block is fastened to the T-block in y-z plane. Will the force be...
  18. F

    Is frame dragging the same as torsion?

    Is frame dragging in GR the same as torsion in curved spacetime?
  19. D

    How did torsion evolve in snails?

    How did gastropods evolve torsion? I have looked all over. There doesn’t seem to be any clear idea of what torsion does now, let alone what purpose it served long ago. There was a hypothesis (Garstang’s hypothesis) that the veligar larvae developed torsion so they could pull their...
  20. S

    Cyclic tests - tension compression torsion

    Hi, I have got experimental data for a steel material for a cyclic test perfoemd in the following scenario: 0-1% Torsion followed by 0-1% strain Tension followed by 1-2% Torsion followed by 1% to 0 % compression followed by 2 to 3% torsion followed by 0 to -1% compression...
  21. bcrowell

    Exploring Torsion in 2 Dimensions: A Differential Geometry Perspective

    This is really more of a differential geometry question than a GR question. Is it possible to have torsion in two dimensions? I've seen statements implying that torsion is only of interest in 3 or more dimensions, but I don't see why. My understanding is that in two dimensions, you could not...
  22. S

    Why Does Torsion Cause Extra Shear in Some Structures but Not Others?

    I'm very confused regarding this problem and i will explain in it in details ,hoping anyone can explain the reason For example we have a bolted connection subjected to torsion ,the bolts will have extra shear in the plane also when i strike a a slab of small building with lateral load(assuming...
  23. I

    Interpretation of torsion vs riemann tensor

    Hi all, I am working through Visser's notes http://msor.victoria.ac.nz/twiki/pub/Courses/MATH465_2012T1/WebHome/notes-464-2011.pdf section 3.5 onward. I am trying to differentiate between the torsion and the Riemann curvature tensor in a heuristic manner. It appears from "Geometric...
  24. pellman

    Torsion -> covariant deriv of det(g) non-zero?

    torsion --> covariant deriv of det(g) non-zero? I am missing something here. This paper makes the case (on page 5) that for non-vanishing torsion, the usual invariant volume element \sqrt{-g}d^4x is not appropriate because the covariant derivative of sqrt(-g) is non-zero. This perplexes me...
  25. S

    Torsion Test Simulation: Understanding Von Mises Criteria and Its Approximations

    Hi all, I am simulating torsion tests (after being successful with tension and compression tests). For tension and compression, I got a good comparsion with experimental and behaviour in tension is same as in compression (of course leaving the necking part). For torsion tests, I have...
  26. K

    Real formula for gamma(deformation) in torsion of a rod?

    Okay, so I'm studying for a Mechanics of Materials final at the moment, and I am reviewing the chapter on torsion. I was reading through the given formulae, and I stumbled across one that I could not fully visualize (or simplify): the formula for gamma. Based on my understanding and from...
  27. S

    Determination of elastic modulii (tension and torsion tests)

    I’ve been struggling with this for quite some time and will be grateful if someone can help me. I have got the data for some tension and torsion tests performed on standard specimen- the tests were done by someone else- not me. I’m trying to do a material modelling based on the tests...
  28. L

    Torsion on materials of variable cross section

    New here, sorry if I'm in the wrong place or unclear, etc. I've been looking at torsion on solid plates and the torsion constant. I was wondering how to handle the torsion constant on a plate of changing cross section (e.g. there are holes drilled in it, changing the area of the cross section...
  29. S

    Finding the spring constant of a torsion spring.

    Hi, How would I go about finding the spring constant of a bundle of nylon rope acting as a torsion spring? I know the length. I don't know the width of the bundle. When twisted I wanted roughly 6cm diameter (is that a wrong method)? I ll be twisting it by 1080 degrees. When twisted...
  30. X

    Designing a Torsion Test Equipment for Mechanical Engineering Project

    Hello, I'm a student of mechanical engineer and currently doing a project on "fabricating a torsion test equipment". I'm just wondering about my torque calculations. My design is quite simple, consists of: - angle iron (frame) - torque angle gauge (to measure angle of twist) - 2x...
  31. Spinnor

    Drive a complex field, get something like torsion?

    Suppose we have either a massive or massless complex field in 3 space and one time dimensions. Suppose we force (or drive) the field on the surface of a small sphere with a function like, exp(-t^2)*exp(-iωt) I'm guessing the result of such forcing will be a circularly polarized wave that...
  32. T

    Calculate Angle of Twist for Steel Shaft, 850 lb-in Applied

    1. Homework Statement Compute angle of twist of one end relative to other if a torque of 850 lb-in is applied uniformly along the length. Shaft has two flats (not just the 1 pictured!) 1.25 " is measurement across flats. Homework Equations J = C r^4 The Attempt at a Solution I had...
  33. L

    Materials Selection problem for a torsion shaft

    Homework Statement A drive shaft tube for a rear wheel drive high-performance sedan requires a lighter weight unit than one made from conventional steel. The requirements are that the applied torque be 814 N-m (600 ft-lbs) the factor of safety be 2 or more and the maximum angular displacement...
  34. M

    Engineering Science: Torsion (Hollow Shaft replaced by Solid Shaft)

    Homework Statement Question Assuming the torque and maximum shear stress values to be the same for both shafts, determine the size of a suitable soild shaft which could be used instead of the hollow shaft. Information/Data Known Firstly, a previous question - A ship's propellar...
  35. Femme_physics

    Mechanics of Materials - Angle of Torsion

    Homework Statement http://img820.imageshack.us/img820/3373/torsionquestion.jpg Homework Equations (In the solution) The Attempt at a Solution I got M(max) and d correct. I can't get the angle. But I'm using the formula exactly as is. What's wrong...
  36. Femme_physics

    Mechanics of Materials - Torsion

    Homework Statement http://img840.imageshack.us/img840/736/mmaterials.jpg Homework Equations http://img18.imageshack.us/img18/8739/releq.jpg The Attempt at a Solution http://img845.imageshack.us/img845/7017/pitul.jpg The answers turn up (a) 56.6 MPa and (b) 36.6 MPa so I'm...
  37. Q

    Discovering G: Calculating Torsion Constant with Torsion Pendulum Experiment

    Homework Statement i did my experiment on torsion pendulum and there is a graph that i am supposed to draw ( C as a function of 1/L) where C is the tosion constant and L the length of the wire after that they give me a formula C=1/32L *∏*G*a^4 where G is called the modulus of rigidity and a...
  38. P

    Combined Bending & Torsion

    I have recently done a lab at university which studied the effects of combined bending and torsion. It was conducted using a Hi-tech HSM.11 piece of equipment. We applied loads at a series of angles, 0deg, 45deg and 90deg. We then worked out our principle stresses and yields. One of the...
  39. Matterwave

    How can a metric connection have torsion?

    Hi, I'm reading this wikipedia article on the metric connection, and it says that the Levi-Civita connection is a metric connection without torsion. If the metric connection is defined so that the covariant derivative of the metric is 0, how can there be torsion? Doesn't this condition force the...
  40. D

    Finding Curvature and Torsion: Derivatives and Unit Vectors Explained

    Homework Statement http://www.mathhelpforum.com/math-help/attachments/f6/22423d1317129472-curvature-torsion-untitled.png The Attempt at a Solution What I did was I calculated the unit vector for dN/ds={.21i+0.91j-0.42k}/ sqrt(.21^2+.91^2+0.42^2)=.205i+0.889j-.4102k then, I...
  41. E

    Calculating Torsion Spring Constant | 20 Turns, 6mm Mean Dia, ASTM A228 Material

    Homework Statement I need to calculate the spring constant of a torsion spring. Turns : 20 Mean Diameter : 6mm Wire Diameter : 2mm Material : ASTM A228 Arm Length : will be negligible, as they will be fixed Orientation : Arms inlineHomework Equations k=\frac{Ed^4}{10.8DN} The Attempt at a...
  42. J

    Torsion Shear of Shaft with Transverse Hole

    Looking to figure out the allowable stress (psi) of a shaft which has two pin holes in it on the transverse axis of the shaft. tau = allowable stress, psi T = torque, in-lb c = distance from center of gravity to extreme fiber J = polar moment of inertia D = diameter of the shaft d =...
  43. TrickyDicky

    Exploring Curves and Torsion in 3D and 4D: A Comparison

    In 3D the torsion  measures how rapidly the curve twists out of the osculating plane in which it finds itself momentarily trapped. So in 4D, would torsion measure how rapidly a curve twists out of the osculating 3-hypersurface in which it finds itself momentarily trapped? Or torsion of a...
  44. TrickyDicky

    Torsion in GR and Einstein-Cartan theory

    I was reading something about the Cartan (vierbein) formalism in GR, in which the connection is allowed to have torsion, and it got me interested in the Einstein-Cartan theory. Apparently both GR and Cartan theory with torsion should give the same experimental results in vacuum, what I would...
  45. S

    Hollow Shaft Torsion: Power Transmitted Calculation

    Homework Statement A turbine shaft is to transmit power at 240 rev/min. If the shaft is 1 m external diameter and 25 mm thick and the maximum shear stress is limited to 69 MPa, find the power transmitted. Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution T=J*stress/r =...
  46. bcrowell

    Testability of Torsion in Teleparallel Gravity - V.C. de Andrade et al

    Mentz114 posted this interesting link: http://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/0011087 Teleparallel Gravity: An Overview Authors: V. C. de Andrade, L. C. T. Guillen, J. G. Pereira Abstract: The fundamentals of the teleparallel equivalent of general relativity are presented, and its main properties...
  47. pellman

    Does the presence of torsion require a non-symmetric metric?

    If torsion = anti-symmetric part of the connection coefficients, and \Gamma_{\alpha\beta\gamma}=\frac{1}{2}(g_{\alpha\beta,\gamma}+g_{\alpha\gamma,\beta}-g_{\beta\gamma,\alpha}) then doesn't the metric have to have an antisymmetric component? The first two terms on RHS are together...
  48. S

    Breaking point of rod under torsion

    A steel rod like the one shown in the attached picture is fixed from one side and increasing amount of torsion is applied on the other side. Eventually, the rod breaks. Now it will obviously break from one of the two chamfered locations, where the middle portion of the rod with the smaller...
  49. I

    Solve Simple Torsion Problem: Calculate Maximum Torque on 25mm Shaft

    Hiya friends, so i have a little problem, A shaft is made from tube 25 mm outer diameter and 20 mm inner diameter. The shear stress must not exceed 150 Mpa. Calculate the maximum torque that should be placed on it ok so we have T/J = tau/r so T = (tau/r)*J - this should give me my...
  50. O

    Riemannian Geometry is free of Torsion. Why use it for General Relativity?

    As I understand it, Riemannian geometry doesn't allow Torsion (a property of geometry involving certain permutations among the indices of Christoffel Symbols). Does this restrict the geometry of General Relativity (GR) to describing only a curved spacetime with the Riemann curvature tensor? Is...
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