To find the surface area of a sphere based on its volume, one can derive the relationship using calculus, specifically through the formulas for volume and surface area: volume is \( \frac{4}{3}\pi r^3 \) and surface area is \( 4\pi r^2 \). By expressing the radius in terms of volume, \( r = \left(\frac{3V}{4\pi}\right)^{\frac{1}{3}} \), the surface area can be rewritten as a function of volume. The discussion highlights that the surface area can be calculated as \( SA = \frac{3V}{r} \), though this method may not be straightforward for those without calculus knowledge. Ultimately, the conversation emphasizes the mathematical relationship between the volume and surface area of a sphere.