Grain boundary sliding in creep

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Larger grains and columnar grain structures are effective in preventing grain boundary sliding, which is a key factor in reducing creep in materials. Larger grains minimize the number of grain boundaries, thereby reducing the potential for sliding. In contrast, while columnar grains may seem more prone to sliding due to their parallel arrangement, their structure can actually enhance resistance to creep. This is because the elongated shape of columnar grains can lead to stronger intergranular bonding and a more uniform stress distribution, which mitigates sliding. Understanding the mechanisms of creep and the role of grain structure is crucial for engineers in designing components that withstand high temperatures and stresses.
kelvin490
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To prevent grain boundary sliding so that creep is less likely to occur, usually engineers would design components of larger grains or have columnar grain structure to prevent grain-boundary sliding. Why this two method can prevent grain-boundary sliding? For columnar grains, would they be more easy to slide against each other since the grains are parallel?
 
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I would like to know why grain boundary sliding can be prevented by columnar grain arrangement? what does it related to the mechanism of creep?
 

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