What is meant by a particle should not overclose the univese? what is overclose?

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The term "overclose" refers to a particle's energy density exceeding the limits set by cosmological observations, which could lead to an excessively dense universe. In the context of axions, their mass must fall within a specific range to prevent this overclosure. The lower bound is determined by the need for axions to avoid contributing too much energy density, while the upper bound is established through accelerator searches and stellar evolution studies. This balance ensures that axions do not disrupt the universe's structure and expansion. Understanding these constraints is crucial for theoretical physics and cosmology.
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what is meant by a particle should not overclose the univese? what is overclose? is it packed?


''The allowed axion mass range, bounded from below by the requirement
that axions should not overclose the universe and from above by accelerator searches
and stellar evolution.
 
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Welcome melezmelez,

I'd interpret it as having more energy density than allowed by cosmological observations.
 
Abstract The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) has significantly advanced our ability to study black holes, achieving unprecedented spatial resolution and revealing horizon-scale structures. Notably, these observations feature a distinctive dark shadow—primarily arising from faint jet emissions—surrounded by a bright photon ring. Anticipated upgrades of the EHT promise substantial improvements in dynamic range, enabling deeper exploration of low-background regions, particularly the inner shadow...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recombination_(cosmology) Was a matter density right after the decoupling low enough to consider the vacuum as the actual vacuum, and not the medium through which the light propagates with the speed lower than ##({\epsilon_0\mu_0})^{-1/2}##? I'm asking this in context of the calculation of the observable universe radius, where the time integral of the inverse of the scale factor is multiplied by the constant speed of light ##c##.
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