Morse-Kelley Class Comprehension axiom and Russell's paradox

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The discussion addresses the resolution of Russell's paradox within the frameworks of Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory with the Axiom of Choice (ZFC) and Morse-Kelley (MK) set theory. In ZFC, the paradox is resolved by restricting the set {x|x∉x} to subsets of a given set S. In contrast, MK allows for the existence of proper classes, which can lead to a broader interpretation of class comprehension. The Class Comprehension Axiom in MK asserts that while there can be a class of all sets that do not contain themselves, there cannot be a class of all classes that do so, thus preventing the paradox. This indicates that MK provides a different approach to resolving Russell's paradox compared to ZFC.
nomadreid
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As I understand the ZFC solution to Russell's paradox, since {x|x\notinx} must be {x|x\notinx}\capS for some set S, the paradox goes away, but in Morse-Kelley, if I understand Class Comprehension correctly, although again there must be some M such that {x|x\notinx}\capM, this M may be a proper class, which no longer is as limiting as the ZFC version, and hence no longer gives the same solution. So either I am going wrong somewhere, or MK solves Russell's Paradox in a different way. I would be grateful for enlightenment. Thanks.
 
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The Class comprehension Axiom schema states that for any formula phi (with one free variable), there exists a class of all sets satisfying phi. It does not say that there exists a class of all classes satisfying phi. So there's a (proper) class of all sets which do not contain themselves, but there's no class of all classes which do not contain themselves. So Russell's paradox doesn't occur.
 
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I was reading documentation about the soundness and completeness of logic formal systems. Consider the following $$\vdash_S \phi$$ where ##S## is the proof-system making part the formal system and ##\phi## is a wff (well formed formula) of the formal language. Note the blank on left of the turnstile symbol ##\vdash_S##, as far as I can tell it actually represents the empty set. So what does it mean ? I guess it actually means ##\phi## is a theorem of the formal system, i.e. there is a...
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