It is possible to estimate the characteristics of a lightning bolt using the sound of thunder, specifically by measuring the time of arrival of the first sound and the duration of the thunder. This allows for the determination of the distance to the lightning strike and provides a minimum length for the lightning channel. The pitch of thunder, typically around 50 cycles per second, can also be analyzed to calculate the energy input per unit length of the lightning stroke channel, which ranges from 100,000 to 1,000,000 watt-seconds per yard. Factors such as air density, altitude, and proximity to the strike influence the pitch of thunder, with closer strikes producing sharper, higher-frequency sounds compared to distant, lower-frequency rumbles.