Bonds Definition and 192 Threads

Hey, I'm wondering how you figure out the number of hydrogen bonds acting between molecules. I know each water molecule supposedly makes 4 hydrogen bonds with other water molecules through my reading, but I want to know how many for isopropyl alcohol, which has only one OH group. I know its less...

hi. i have a problem. it's task 13. please help =) 12. Based on information about the yields of government bonds you have the following term structure: Time to maturity 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years Yield 5% 8% 9% 8% What is the expected...

I'm a little confused on hydrogen bonds. Here's a sample question and answer I'm having trouble with:1) In a single molecule of water, two hydrogen atoms are bonded to a single oxygen atom by A) hydrogen bonds. B) nonpolar covalent bonds. C) polar covalent bonds. D) ionic bonds. E) van der Waals...

Is it possible to weaken the bonds of H2O with by inducing a specific vibrational frequency? This idea had been rolling around in my mind for years. My thought is that if the bonds could be weakened by less energy then electrolysis alone it may become economical. I realize that some research is...

I was reading about the chemistry of diborane, and there's something puzzling me. John B. Russell, in his "General Chemistry" book states that the boron atom in the diborane "uses all its orbitals in the valence shell forming four hybrid sp3 orbitals, two of which will be used in the bonding...

I recently found a table of electronegativity differences, where certain differences where used to define certain types of bonds. However I found different values at different sites so I wonder if someone could help sort this out. Link 1...

Hello, I wouldn't necessarily regard this as homework. While these are errors I believe I have found within an online course in which I am currently enrolled, my asking is simply carried out with interest in acquiring an accurate knowledge of entry-level chemistry. While studying polar...

How do electrons revolve around in molecule bonded by covalent bonds? An electron revolves around one nucleus. But if it is going to be shared by another nucleus(as in covalent bond), then how will the electron revolve? does it go all around both the nucleus? Please explain a little deeply.

Homework Statement This is not a homework question. I found a question in my book that which orbitals form sigma bonds. I am wondering if any of the f-orbitals form sigma bonds? Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution

In chemistry its often said that energy must be added to system to break atomic bonds and conversely when atoms bond energy is released. I can picture why it takes energy to break a bond, for instance to ionize a hydrogen atom you have to exert a force on the electron to overcome the...

I just took my balance in my 401K program out of all stocks, bonds, and corporate stock funds and put the into FIXED. I never thought I would see this day happen, but what I see (not happening) in Washington in addressing the debt limit gives me cause for concern. IMHO, it is better to...

Homework Statement An organic acid has the formula C11H19COOH. How many carbon-carbon double bonds does a molecule of the acid have? 2. The attempt at a solution I drew the entire structural formula and got 2. But apparently, under exam conditions, I would not have time to draw the...

Hi, I am from an engineering background and I am in the process of learning about semiconductor physics to get a more generalized picture on the operation of the devices rather than just the operating characteristics. To start with I am studying about the p-type and n-type semiconductors...

Homework Statement I was wondering why bonds are more stable at cooler temperatures than at higher temperatures. This question came from a research project about annealing (heating then colling) plastics and why polyethylene maintains its shape when it's cooled.

Homework Statement If a bank issues a mortgage to a borrower, let's say that it was for $P, for t years with an annual interest rate i% compounded monthly. Then, to the bank, can this essentially be treated like a bond with price $P, coupon rate i% and maturity t years? It could be...

I have some basic questions on bonds. Take two identical particles in their ground state. When separated, the Hamiltonian can be written as the matrix: 1 0 0 1 where 1 is the energy. When brought close together, there is the possibility of transitions through off-diagonal terms, and the...

In fact, why do the PE of atoms decrease when they form bonds, in terms of molecular interpretation, i.e. what actually happened in the atoms making they have lower energies?

Sodium is a soft, reactive metal. Chlorine is a poisionous, reactive gas. Expose them to one another and they will form table salt, through ionic bonding. The compound is bonded throughout, forming a geometric matrix of bonds. If submerged in water, it will be dissolved into free Na+ and...

Hello everyone, Is their simple reason for this. Like how there must be 8 electrons in outer shell,I know that is very basic and probably not applicable, or is this something to do with sub shells etc. Also in billirubin metabolism. Why do red blood cells produce hemin which is iron in...

Because if redox is the transfer of electrons between atoms, and ionic bonding is when one or more electrons go are transferred from one atom to another, wouldn't that mean it is basically a redox reaction?

Hi I am new on here and also new to science. I am in College getting my Biology 12 and Chemistry 11. I am having a really hard time understanding the difference between the ionic and the covalent bond. I am having trouble understanding: a) the net charge that creates an ion b)the ionic...

When describing change of phase, it is very commonly said that molecules in hotter materials vibrate more, weakening the intermolecular bonds within them. My question is "How can increased vibrational velocity weaken these bonds?" It certainly makes sense that greater vibration increases...

Say we have sp2 hybridization of nitrogen, can the unhybridized p orbital form sigma bonds too or can it only form pi bonds? So in the case of nitrogen, it would be able to form molecules with 2 sigma bonds and one pi bond, correct? Thanks

The strength of an acid is determined by the amount of it per volume ionizes right? So is it safe to say acids, when not in water, are composed of ions? So for example, HCL has the potential to be an acid,as it is made of a H ion and a CL ion, but cannot be until it reacts with water, because...

When energy is to be gained correct? It takes more energy to take a valence electron off Na than energy is gained when it is put on another atom to make a cation. I know the energy didn't just disappear, energy never does, what happened to the remaining energy that wasn't gained?

Homework Statement Draw the two enantiomers of ibuprofen using the correct dash and wedge bonds. Homework Equations (I was given a flat molecule like the one above.) The Attempt at a Solution I put a wedge from the asymmetric carbon to the hydrogen and a dash from the asymmetric carbon...

I have gotten the principles of them down, but I still have some more detail to cover. From what I know about Ionic bonds is the following. -When an atom reacts with another atom in order to gain a full valence shell, the atom can either lose and electron, or gain one depending on the number of...

Homework Statement For a biology lab dealing with chemistry, we are supposed to make models (ball and stick) of molecules, and then we need to write the structural and molecular formulas. The models should represent single or double bonds based on the molecular composition. The problem is...

Can 4' to 5' phosphodiester bonds, rather than 5' to 3' bonds, in reference to oligonucleotides exist? If so, then what would the structure look like (especially since carbon 4 on the sugar lacks a hydroxyl group)? Thank you.

Hi, I'm trying to figure out if it is possible to induce (hydrogen) bond breakage between DNA base pairs by resonance. Does anyone know if this is possible or even aware of bond breakage in other molecules by similar methods? Thanks!

How does one determine when a coordinate covalent bond will occur?

I was looking at sulfur hexafluoride and noticed that the sulfur forms 6 bonds with fluorine. Wouldn't 2 bonds put it at 8 valence electrons? How does it form so many extra bonds when it only needs 2? Edit: I should word this as "How does sulfur form 6 bonds with fluorine? Wouldn't that give it...

I had a question in a lab about which elements are least likely to form polar covalent bonds with hydrogen. From what I understand, what governs how polar a bond is, is the electronegativity of the element. The answer said that Carbon was the one which was least likely to form the bond, but...

1. NH3 ,NH3 2. H2O , NH3 3. CH4 ,NH3 4. CH4 ,CH4 5. CH3OH ,CH3OH 6. H2O ,CH3OH 7. CH3OCH3 ,H2O 8. CH3OCH3 ,CH3OCH3 9. CH3OH ,CH3OCH3 which one of those pair molecules could make hydrogen bonds? i know i law that H bonds with N O F so its 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 pairs but...

Homework Statement 1,2-difluoroethylene has two isomers, cis and trans, and they do not interconvert readily. However, cis and trans isomers of (C6H5)HC=CH(C6H5) do interconvert (but slowly). How is the intermediate required for that interconversion stabilized by the phenyl groups...

A hydrogen bond is the attractive force between one electronegative atom and a hydrogen covalently bonded to another electronegative atom. Doesn't this apply to hydrochloric acid?

Is this how you tell when to form double bonds when drawing lewis structures, such as with CO2?

A contractor furnished a performance bond having a face value of $100,000 and a payment bond of $100,000. The contract price was a lump sum of $1,000,000. The contractor had completed 60 percent of the work and had been paid $540,000 by the owner. Then the contractor defaulted, leaving unpaid...

After a ligand bonds to a receptor through intermolecular forces, how is it unbound and what happens to it after it is?

I came across an interesting problem involving covalent bonds that I'm having trouble solving. If you're given a bond energy and a bond length, how would you find the frequency of vibration of the covalent bond? I tried to approach this through dimensional analysis and I'm not seeing how I would...

Are bonds between Carbon and Hydrogen polar?

Hello, This is not a 'homework problem' but I think it fitted more correctly in this thread than other more advanced ones. Basically, I am a first year undergraduate who did not study Chemistry at A-level. I am quite a serious student and I am trying to increase my background understanding of...

is that at equilibrium, energy,U=0 from the equation below? U(R) = −(A /R6 )+ (B/R12 ) i nid to differentiate the equation and equate U=0?

Yeah, I know... pons asinorum Polar covalent bonding/dipole moment: If mu=Qr, where Q is the charge and r is the separation of charges, does it follow that as bond length increases that the dipole moment (mu) would increase in magnitude for the same charge? I do not understand this... If...

how are polar bonds formed? are polar bonds and polar covalent bonds the same thing?

hi all, I have read papers in which they specify the dangling bonds on the surfaces and tey saturate it with hydrogen forexample; 1. should it be hydrogen atoms or ghost hydrogen? 2. how to specify the dangling bonds? 3. any suggestion for specifying the position of these hydrogens in...

in chemistry, how do i know when there is an ionic bond and when a covalent bond, someone told me when the difference between two atoms electronegativity is more than 2.5 there is an ionic bond, but there are molecules with differences in its atoms electroegativity less than 2.5m such as MgO or NaCl

hi are all answer are correct ? help please http://img73.imageshack.us/img73/2421/10267725rs8.png

How many total hydrogen bonds would exist between the following strands of DNA and their complementary strands? 1. GCATGC 2. TATGGC

Bond Enthalpies..please help! Got the first one, but can't figure out how to do "b" and "c." Not understand which ones make/break. http://rapidshare.com/files/157266091/Enth.jpg