Fluctuation Definition and 53 Threads

I get that the relative fluctuations of extensive properties (in thermodynamics) are tiny because you can divide the whole system in many subsystems and apply the central limit theorem, but I just dont get it with intensive properties. Could someone explain?

Hello, We have a mini split AC Inverter. We need electrical wire for the second mini split AC inverter. Can we get a wire branch from the first AC terminal? Do the voltage drop/sag and fluctuation occur?

How do quantum fluctuations affect the formation and evolution of structures in the universe on large scales?

Can anybody comment on whether the second line of Sheldon's work makes sense...? I don't see it. :oldeyes:

I am working on an axial flux generator design, I consisits of 2 rotors and one stator, there are 6 pole pairs and 9 coils. Here is my simulation setup The three phase windings are connected in star configuration through Maxwell circuit. I created two bands enclosing each rotor and then united...

In the book" The Quantum Theory of Radiation", Heitler derived the transverse self-energy of the electron(Chapter III, Section18, Eq.(23)) $$\frac{{{e^2}}}{{\pi m}}\int_{\text{0}}^\infty {kdk} $$ which is the energy of the electron under the action of the vacuum fluctuation of the radiation...

The canonical ( Boltzmann) distribution law for a canonical system is described the probability of state ##v## by ##P_v = Q^{-1} e^{-\beta E_v} ## where ##Q^{-1}## is the normalization constant of ##\sum_v P_v = 1## and therefore ##Q = \sum_{v}e^{-\beta E_v}##. Chandler then derives ##...

Hi, Can we derive an equivalent concept of quantum fluctuation in classical physics using correspondence principle? Also, how can we account for transfer of energy back and forth at the quantum and classical border? Thanks

I'm reading through Crooks's paper: https://journals.aps.org/pre/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevE.60.2721 as well as a review paper by Mansour et al.: https://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.4986600 trying to figure out their derivation of the fluctuation theorem (section II of both papers). I had a...

It has been proposed by Edward P. Tryon that the Universe may be a large scale quantum mechanical vacuum fluctuation where positive mass-energy is balanced by negative gravitational potential energy, as a consequence of the early inflationary launch of the expansion of the Universe, in which...

Homework Statement A state of a particle in the potential box of width a with infinitely high walls is described by the wave function: Ψ(x)=Ax(x-a) Find the probability distribution of various value of particle energy, mean value and mean square fluctuation of energy. Homework Equations...

Nuclei of unstable isotopes spontaneously fission in a way that is measured in half-life. So for a particular nucleus at a given time, it is a probability of some amount, thus is a QM fluctuation? Then what is going on in reactors which in effect modify the nucleus half life by introducing extra...

A. Neumaier submitted a new PF Insights post The Vacuum Fluctuation Myth Continue reading the Original PF Insights Post.

One reads a lot about quantum fluctuations but what exactly are they and how do they make a seed for galaxy formations ?

Homework Statement Consider a given monochromatic component of sunlight. The electric field drives a given air molecule. Each oscillating charge of the air molecule radiates waves in all directions, some of which travel to the eye of a given observer. But, for a given molecule (call it No.1)...

I have read that the total energy of the universe is zero and that the big bang might have emerged from a quantum fluctuation. Also that there is a chance (extremely low) of another big bang occurring in the quantum vacuum energy fluctuations. As far as I understand the vacuum energy / dark...

Hello, searching for information about debunking quantum mysticism I stumbled upon this article: http://www.csicop.org/si/show/quantum_quackery/ , where one of the main arguments seems to be based on quantum fluctuation to explain Einstein´s famous "spooky effect on a distance". You can check...

Dear all, I am trying to understand the physics behind the "number density" formula given by Weinberg. Is there anyone who can explain these parameters to me: 1- "Initial fluctuation strength": \begin{equation} \rho_1= \lim_{t \to 0}\frac{\Delta \rho_M^3}{\bar{\rho}^2_M}\end{equation} However...

What is a quantum fluctuation and how do they form a seed for black holes?:

Hey! I want to discretize a fluctuation dissipation theorem for the white noise ζ of a stochastic differential equation on a 2D domain (sphere). For that I integrate over "Finite Volume" elements with area A and A' (see below). \begin{eqnarray*} \int_{A} d A \int_{A'} d A'...

In my circuits/active devices course we had to make amplifier designs with various type of transistors (BJT, JFET, MOSFET). In each design the transistor beta parameter played an important role in deciding which resistors to use in the final amplifier circuit. This beta parameter changes widely...

Is there a bridge from QM to Crook's Fluctuation Theorem and/or the Jarzynski Equality? More ambiguously, but maybe more directly, Is there thought to be a relationship between the QM-entanglement/decoherence/interference, and the SLOT? I am worried I may be missing a discussion of this, due...

http://arxiv.org/abs/1507.00591 AdS/CFT without holography: A hidden dimension on the CFT side and implications for black-hole entropy H. Nikolic (Submitted on 2 Jul 2015) We propose a new non-holographic formulation of AdS/CFT correspondence, according to which quantum gravity on AdS and its...

Hi all, I have the raw data in .csv file which has Engine speed, wheel torque value and main shaft speed (Please refer to below image - raw data_screen shot) I have to find the logic for the above raw data, to get 1.5 order wheel torque value, which is close to resulted value as attached...

Can someone please explain to me why the expression ##[-\Box + U''(\Phi(r))]## is called the fluctuation operator? I was also wondering how to derive the following for the ##l^{th}## partial wave of the above operator: ##-\frac{d^2}{dr^2}-\frac{3}{r}\frac{d}{dr} + \frac{l(l+2)}{r}+...

Is Poincare' Recurrence Theorem (PCRT) considered a possible explanation for the "low entropy" initial conditions of the universe? Is the following a roughly correct paraphrasing of it? For a phase space obeying Liouville's theorem (closed, non-compress-able, non-decompress-able), the...

I am trying to make a term for a function equipped on an image sensor. The term is to express "the upper limit of fluctuation allowance in image size which is specified in %" The value of percentage does not express the ratio of the enlarged image size compared to the original image size, so...

Do particles popping in and out of existence due to quantum vacuum fluctuations create a gravitational effect? My thought is yes If so, considering all the quantum particles in existence at one time at a given moment in the universe, added to the mass of the universe as well as the mass of...

Hi there, I have spent quite some time on PF as an unregistered user reading through various stuff and have learned a lot. Just registered now to seek help on something that's been bothering me a lot and to which I haven't managed to find a solution yet. Please let me know if this is not the...

why voltage fluctuation is there? since all the houses are in parallel,so all of them receive same voltage..then why voltage fluctuation is there? and why not current fluctuation? why voltage stabilizers are used ?

The 2nd law of thermodynamics state that entropy increases with time and entropy is just a measure of how hard it is to distinguish a state from another state (information theoretical view) or how hard it is to find order within a system (thermodynamic view). There are many ways to view entropy...

Anyone know how hydrogen bonding in water can enhance "density fluctuation" ? And in first place What is "density fluctuation" ?

Im having an issue with a manual pump opening an actuator. It opens fine and holds pressure until the temperature starts to drop. My question is does anyone know of any hydraulic oil that is not susceptible to condensing when temperature drops?

Hi, is it true that: 1. when virtual particles/antiparticles come to existence every billionth particle survives? is it the reason why the universe consists of particles rather than antiparticles? 2. when virtual particles annihilate the energy gets absorbed by the vacuum in contrast...

I was reading a book, 'Introducing Quantum Theory' by J.P.McEvoy, and I find it difficult to understand in details of Maxwell Distribution, Thermal Equilibrium, Fluctuation, Wein's law and Planck's quantum theory, so I am finding it difficult to follow Einstein's explanation of photoelectric...

This comes from Paul Davies' the Cosmic Jackpot: I just assumed a quantum fluctuation was more or less what a fluctuation in normal English is like: something that goes up and down. So I thought a quantum fluctuation was the act of some magical pure energy going up and down. But from the...

How does a flywheel reduce torque fluctuations in a IC engine? Of course the more inertia you have, the less rotational speed fluctuation you get. But how does more inertia lead to less 'torque' fluctuation?

Hi there, I'm taking some measurements of a wireless signal using InSSIDer 2.0. Sometimes the signal fluctuation is upwards of 20 dBs, and sometimes the fluctuation is almost nothing. It is a very short range signal. There is minimal fluctuation in the signal shown when I'm 10 metres...

the virtual particles that are created are the result of a quantum fluctuation ..but the energy of this fluctuation must be zero so 1 particle has positive mass and the other has negative mass ...so that if they annihilate the mass is zero and they go back to not existing but if the one with...

Please teach me this: The general effort is to quantize the fields of elementary particles and gravitons.But I wonder about ''mathematical'' fields such as the fluctuation fields in statistical physics.I think there may be many ''continuous'' fields in physics.Could the functional integral...

Alright, here is something that is driving me insane. I feel like I've looked through every stat mech book on the planet and not a one discusses this stuff properly. My difficulty is in the study of phase transitions when one applies Landau's approach of expanding the free energy about the...

how can voltage fluctuation arm electrical appliances... say fluctuation on a stormy night...

What is te reason of voltage fluctuation in our home power supply?

This will sound like a very amateur question but please read: I have been puzzled for a while about the *precise* mathematical meaning of "quantum fluctuation". I know what a classical fluctuation is (as found in classical statistical dynamics). I also know what a superposition is. These seem...

Indeed, the entire universe may have arisen from a quantum fluctuation in a vacuum, through a combination of inflation and a curious property of gravity. This curious property is that the severity of negative energy store. When something falls in a gravitational field there is a release of...

recently i listened something about vacuum fluctuation.i don't know what exactly is it.but from that fluctuation is it possible to say that there is some width of the energy eigenvalue of a system where the particles are interact with em field.i don't know anything about field theory.

What's the underlying principle to demonposite metrict fluctuation as scalar ,vector and tensor? Is this decomposition complete?unique? for scalar mode, \begin{equation} \delta g_{\mu \nu}=a^{2} \left( \begin{array}{cccc} 2\phi & -B,_{i} \\ -B,_{i} & 2(\psi \delta_{ij}-E,_{i,j})...

Hi, I'm doing more experiments with magnets and I'm making a setup to see if current can be induced in a coil by mechanically strengthening and weakening the pole of a permanent magnet. I can do this very simply by manually rotating a spinning disk with magnets on it close to the fixed magnet...

to preserve commutation relations in the quantized field operators (basically simple harmonic oscillator raising/lowering operators), a vacuum mode must be introduced in the case of a usual 50-50 beam splitter. thus, one has 4 modes: vacuum incident mode reflected mode transmited...

hi i have fixed a simple circuit for lighting up a led.i have included a potentiometer. as the led is white i know that the voltage drop of the led is around 4v.when the potentiometer is at min resistance the voltege drop is actuallu around 3.8v.the problem is that when i turn the potentiometer...