Hund's rules Definition and 12 Threads

  1. Mr_Allod

    Hund's Rule for Determining Term Symbol Energy Order

    Hello there, for the above question I have no issue finding the term symbols but I am a little unsure about employing Hund's rules to the electron configuration, particularly those referring to the energies based on the total angular momentum J. These state: - In a less than ##\frac12##-filled...
  2. R

    I Hund's rules and Pauli's principle

    So as I can see from the literature there are two "methods" on how to apply Hund's rules to determine the ground state of an electron configuration. Method 1: One determines all possible states due to Pauli's principle (wave function must be totally antisymmetric) using angular momentum...
  3. C

    I In what cases (precisely) are Hund's rules valid?

    I can't find on any good source (such as a textbook) a precise specification about the cases when Hund's rules (especially Hund's third rule) for an electronic configuration of atom are valid (the rules help to select the lowest energy state of a configuration). As far as I understood: Hund’s...
  4. C

    Showing Consistency with Hund's Rules

    Homework Statement Show that the ground states for the first three elements in the “neon configuration” (Z=11 to 18) are consistent with Hunds rules. Homework Equations From Hyperphysics, the rules are: 1. The term with maximum multiplicity lies lowest in energy 2. For a given multiplicity...
  5. A

    A Hund's rule and strong spin-orbit interacion

    Hi, I have read that Hund's rules are valid for Atoms with low z. Because the third Hund's rule is build of Russell-Saunders coupling. Can I still use the first and second Hund's rule for heavy atoms and jj-coupling( for the third rule)? Or how can I know the groundstate for an atom with large...
  6. astrocytosis

    Using Hund's rules to find ground state L, S, J

    Homework Statement Using Hund's rules, find the ground state L, S and J of the following atoms: (a) fluorine, (b) magnesium, and (c) titanium. Homework Equations J = L + S The Attempt at a Solution I'm having trouble understanding what L, S and J mean on a basic level. I read the textbook...
  7. M

    I Understanding Hund's Second Rule: What is a Singlet or Triplet?

    Can anyone explain the second rule, because the Wikipedia page is not very clear? Hund's zeroth rule - Ignore all inner shells and focus on the outermost shell. Hund's first rule - Put the electrons such that they maximize spin, ##s##. So far so good. Hund's second rule appears to be simply...
  8. S

    Solving Erbium's Ground State w/ Hund's Rules

    I have the solution for this problem but don't understand it. 1. Homework Statement Use Hund's rules to calculate the ground state of erbium with electron configuration [Xe]4f126s2 Homework Equations Hunds Rules: 1. Maximise S (within Pauli) 2. Maximise L (within Pauli) 3. Min J (for...
  9. R

    Using Hund's rules to calculate ground state of erbium

    Homework Statement Calculate ground state of erbium [Xe] 4f^12 6s^2 The Attempt at a Solution so i know that the f orbital can hold 14 electrons and has 7 types of orbitals that is -3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3 So i constructed a table with axes of m_l (-3 to +3 above) and m_s. Then hunds rules...
  10. D

    Solve N Ground State in (2s+1)(L)(J) Format

    Homework Statement Find the ground state of nitrogen in the form (2s+1)(L)(J), where s represents the total spin, L represents the total orbital angular momentum (s,p,d,f), and J represents the total angular momentum. Attempt at solution Well, the electron configuration is [He](2s)^2...
  11. S

    Questions about Hund's Rules and L-S Coupling

    I would like to ask two questions about Hund's rules and L-S coupling: 1. Some textbooks state that when doing L-S coupling and applying Hund's rules, "The maximum values of S and L are subject to the condition that no two electrons may have the same pair of values for m(sub s) and m(sub l)...
  12. S

    Hund's Rules and L-S Coupling: Understanding Limitations and Confusions"

    I would like to ask two questions about Hund's rules and L-S coupling: 1. Some textbooks state that when doing L-S coupling and applying Hund's rules, "The maximum values of S and L are subject to the condition that no two electrons may have the same pair of values for m(sub s) and m(sub l)...
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