# Qm Definition and 42 Discussions

The hybrid QM/MM (quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics) approach is a molecular simulation method that combines the strengths of ab initio QM calculations (accuracy) and MM (speed) approaches, thus allowing for the study of chemical processes in solution and in proteins. The QM/MM approach was introduced in the 1976 paper of Warshel and Levitt. They, along with Martin Karplus, won the 2013 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for "the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems".

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1. ### Why does a free particle in an infinite well have uncertainty bigger than h/2 ?

So I think I use the right approach and I get uncertainty like this: And it's interval irrelevant(ofc), So what kind of wave function gives us \h_bar / 2 ? I guess a normal curve? if so, why is normal curve could be? if not then what's kind of wave function can reach the lower bound
2. ### B Tunneling through possible worlds

Forgive my poor lingo. As my bio states, I only have a complete degree in HS. Is it possible to quantum tunnel across possible worlds? If so, is there a hyper-dimensional plane where this would be made possible? And if so, how would you conceptualize or describe it? Information breakage...
3. ### Why light reflected off of my calculator screen turns bluish?

So, I was in class listening to my lecturer when I notice something intriguing. I was looking at the reflection of a lamp on the screen of my calculator. I paid close attention to the colour of the light reflected of my calculator and realised that when I rotate my calculator by about 90 deg...
4. ### I Why are there so few experiments in the foundation of physics? Or am I wrong?

Sabine Hossenfelder has a recent thread on her blog about experiments in physics, talking about how much money is spent on dark matter and what not. I actually wanted to open a thread even before that. My observation is that the field of experimental physics in foundation seem to be so thin and...
5. ### I Is this a new theory, an enhanced theory or just philosophy?

I get new notification from new scientist usually about some virus or some weird anthropology theory. Once in a while a physics subject and this time I got this "https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg24132220-100-schrodingers-kittens-new-thought-experiment-breaks-quantum-theory/" Can somebody...
6. ### Spin-orbit coupling and the Zeemann effect

Homework Statement Consider an electron in a hydrogen atom in the presence of a constant magnetic field ##B##, which we take to be parallel to the ##z##-axis. Without the magnetic field and ignoring the spin-orbit coupling, the eigenfunctions are labelled by ##\vert n, l, m, m_s \rangle##...

22. ### I Thought experiment about wave functions

Suppose we have a particle, lets say an electron, in a box of size D. And we add another one next to it at some distance L center to center. How do we solve for the wavefunctions of the electron. Can it be solved in normal QM or do we need QFT. Thanks.
23. ### I Paper on Hilbert spaces in QM

Hi, I found this article very interesting, given the loads of question I have posted in this regard in the last months. I cannot recall where I got the link from, and if it came from Bill Hobba in some discussion, thanks Bill! If not, thanks anyway for your answers and contributions. Here is...
24. ### I Momentum entanglment

In the original EPR paper momentum was giving as an example of entanglement, but I don't see that discussed by any thread or papers for that matter, why is that. What is the technicalities of this entanglement for two electrons for example, is it also instantaneous and why is it not used to...
25. ### I QM: Probability

Homework Statement I am supposed to find probability of staying in x < 0 for a superposition of two Gaussians. The wavefunction is something along the lines of: Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution Usually, the step involved in finding probabilities for 1 particle is just to...
26. ### QM: Difference between these Initial Wavefunctions

Homework Statement I've been asked as a part of some school project to find the fourier transform, and time evolution of the following initial wavefunctions: 1. ##\Psi(x,0) = Ae^{\frac{-x^2}{2\sigma ^2}}## 2. ##\Psi(x,0) = Be^{\frac{-x^2}{2\sigma ^2}}e^{\frac{ipx}{\hbar}}## What physical...
27. ### I What is it that QM addresses?

Is the measurement problem in QM addressed and solved by now? If not, can we speak of QM as a description of reality? Given the statistical nature of QM, can we say it predicts reality? What is it that QM addresses?
28. P

### I How are degrees of freedom understood in QM?

I'm having a hard time understanding 'degrees of freedom'. Could someone please provide an example in terms of Quantum Mechanics about what a 'degree of freedom' could be represented as? Is it simply a number of observations of a physical system to determine the arrangement of particles within...
29. ### I Queries on some QM concepts

Hi all, I'd like some assistance regarding some issues I have understanding such states. (Referencing Griffiths' QM) 1) Meaning of Bound and Scattering States. The bound states I have studied thus far are limited to the infinite square well and the quantum harmonic oscillator. In the case of a...
30. ### I Questions Regarding Free Particles - Griffith's QM (I)

Homework Statement [/B] 1) I don't quite understand what 2.94 means on its own. It was derived from 2.93, yet it doesn't show a superposition of any sort. The author then takes 2.94, and attempts to normalise it by stating ##\int \Psi_k^* \Psi_k dx = \mid A^2 \mid\int dx = \infty ## What...
31. L

### Linear and Non-linear Equations (QM)

1. Problem Recall that we defined linear equations as those whose solutions can be superposed to find more solutions. Which of the following differential/integral equations are linear equations for the function u(x,t)? Below, a and b are constants, c is the speed of light, and f(x,t) is an...
32. P

### I Hilbert space in Everettian QM

Is it assumed that Hilbert space is an infinite manifold that the non-collapsing wave function occupies in Everettian QM? Thank you.
33. ### I Bracket VS wavefunction notation in QM

In some sources QM is explained using bracket notation. I quite understand algebra of bracket notation, but I do not understand how is this notation related with physically meaningful things? How is bracket notation related to wavefunction notation? Could you tell me whether following is true...
34. ### I ER = EPR?

I joined this site because I had questions and wanted to discuss topics on the subject of black holes. Lenny Susskind's lecture of this topic raised quite a few question a and ideas in my mind. I did write my concerns in the comments for the video, but I'll just paste that here as well. Here's...
35. ### B Quantum tunneling - Questions about some pop-science claims

This might become a series of questions, but let me begin with the most essential one. According to QM/QFT, would it be true that there is a non-zero chance for an object on earth to instantaneously tunnel to the moon for example? Like let's say a paper with a note on it. Could this paper...
36. ### A Vacuum polarization at intermediate distances

using the references below, the effective charge and the potentials are derived for either r >> 1/m or r << 1/m, so what happens between these two distances. Thanks https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_polarization https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uehling_potential...
37. ### I MWI for simultaneous events

Suppose there are two independent experiments taking place \left\vert \Phi\right\rangle =\alpha _{1}\left\vert \phi _{1}\right\rangle +\beta_{1}\left\vert \phi _{2}\right\rangle and \left\vert \Psi \right\rangle=\alpha _{2}\left\vert \psi _{1}\right\rangle +\beta _{2}\left\vert...
38. ### Why are unperturbed states valid basis for perturbed system?

Homework Statement So we have a two state system, with unperturbed eigenstates ## |\phi_{1}\rangle##, ## |\phi_{2}\rangle ##, and Hamiltonian ## \mathbf{\hat{H_{0}}}## - i.e ##\mathbf{\hat{H_{0}}}|\phi_{1}\rangle = E_{1}|\phi_{1}\rangle## We shine some z-polarized light on the system. This...
39. ### I Occam's razor and probability in QM

I am a laymen of sorts in both physics and philosophy. I embarked on a trip to acquaint myself (gently at first) with contemporary physics. My question is foundational and therefore probably philosophical. If it is off-topic, please kindly point me to any place where such discussions may be...
40. ### Other I need recommendations for an interesting Senior Project.

I'm currently a junior in high school, and I'm really interested in physics, especially particle physics and quantum mechanics. At my school, everybody needs to do a big senior project to graduate, involving multiple papers and about 30 hours of work, usually to build something or organize a...
41. ### QM Interpretation Inquiry

Could physics ever be able to confirm that a certain interpretation of quantum mechanics is correct or is the matter entirely philosophical and thus doomed to the depths of subjectivity?
42. ### Moving charge magnetism explanation

I'm from a country in Africa where I didn't have the privilege of learning the Standard Model, so I'll try and rephrase my question here: https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/why-is-the-electromagnetic-field-not-a-charge-field.857927/#post-5384284 In a way where my ignorance doesn't outrage...