Third Cosmic Velocity: Will Voyagers Leave Solar System?

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In summary, the Voyager probes have a speed of 38,000 mph (17 km/s), which is slower than the third cosmic velocity of 42 km/s. However, at their current position in the gravity well, the Voyager probes are still on an escape trajectory. This can be seen in a graph of Voyager 2's velocity versus escape velocity, as well as a simulation that shows all the hyperbolic spacecraft on an escape trajectory.
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The cosmic velocities are dependent on position in the gravity well. The 42 km/s is the escape velocity in the Sun's gravity well at the distance of Earth's orbit. It's much lower where the Voyagers are currently.

There's a nice graph of Voyager 2's velocity vs escape velocity on its Wikipedia page:
512px-Voyager_2_velocity_vs_distance_from_sun.svg.png

The spikes are flyby manoeuvres.
 

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1. What is Third Cosmic Velocity?

Third Cosmic Velocity is the speed that an object needs to reach in order to escape the gravitational pull of a celestial body, such as the Sun, and enter into the vastness of space.

2. Why is it important for voyagers to reach Third Cosmic Velocity?

It is important for voyagers to reach Third Cosmic Velocity because it allows them to break free from the gravitational pull of the Solar System and explore the vastness of outer space.

3. How fast do voyagers need to travel to reach Third Cosmic Velocity?

The exact speed required to reach Third Cosmic Velocity varies depending on the mass and gravitational pull of the celestial body being escaped from. However, for voyagers leaving the Solar System, the speed needed is approximately 55 kilometers per second.

4. Have any voyagers reached Third Cosmic Velocity?

Yes, two spacecrafts, Voyager 1 and Voyager 2, have successfully reached Third Cosmic Velocity and left the Solar System. They were launched in 1977 and are currently the farthest man-made objects from Earth.

5. What will happen to the voyagers once they reach Third Cosmic Velocity and leave the Solar System?

Once the voyagers reach Third Cosmic Velocity and leave the Solar System, they will continue to travel through space until they encounter another celestial body's gravitational pull or collide with an object. They will also continue to send back information and data to Earth as long as their systems are functioning.

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