What is Special Theory of Relativity and why is it important in physics?

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The Special Theory of Relativity, proposed by Albert Einstein, fundamentally changed the understanding of time and space, introducing concepts such as time dilation and the relativity of simultaneity. It is crucial in physics as it reconciles the laws of mechanics with the speed of light, asserting that the laws of physics are the same for all observers regardless of their relative motion. This theory has profound implications for modern physics, influencing fields such as cosmology and quantum mechanics. Understanding it can provide insights into why the universe behaves as it does at high speeds. Exploring this topic can offer a fascinating perspective on fundamental physical principles.
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I have to write a short article about a physics subject, i can pick my own subject.
Problem is i don't know any fun subject :(

I am second year physics student, university
 
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You don't? Haven't you ever wondered 'why does this work?', or 'how did they find this formula?' or things like that? Well, this is your chance to have a closer look.

Example: How did Newton find the Law of Gravity? After all, he couldn't fly around in space, measuring forces...
 
try DEFINING TIME
 
Try Special Theory of Relativity. This shouldn't be too hard, you should be able to find a lot of general information and concepts on this matter.
 
Kindly see the attached pdf. My attempt to solve it, is in it. I'm wondering if my solution is right. My idea is this: At any point of time, the ball may be assumed to be at an incline which is at an angle of θ(kindly see both the pics in the pdf file). The value of θ will continuously change and so will the value of friction. I'm not able to figure out, why my solution is wrong, if it is wrong .
TL;DR Summary: I came across this question from a Sri Lankan A-level textbook. Question - An ice cube with a length of 10 cm is immersed in water at 0 °C. An observer observes the ice cube from the water, and it seems to be 7.75 cm long. If the refractive index of water is 4/3, find the height of the ice cube immersed in the water. I could not understand how the apparent height of the ice cube in the water depends on the height of the ice cube immersed in the water. Does anyone have an...
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