Active Filters in Multiple Order

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on the behavior of active low pass filters (LPFs) connected in series, specifically examining the impact on cutoff frequency and gain. When two LPFs are used, the cutoff frequency decreases at a rate of -12dB/octave, as opposed to -6dB/octave for a single LPF. For a dual LPF configuration with a cutoff frequency (f_o) of 1000Hz, the second cutoff frequency (f_2) is calculated to be 250Hz, demonstrating a significant reduction in frequency response due to the cascading effect of the filters. This analysis confirms that the addition of filters steepens the slope of the Bode plot, resulting in a more pronounced attenuation of higher frequencies.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of low pass filter (LPF) design and operation
  • Familiarity with Bode plots and frequency response analysis
  • Knowledge of decibel (dB) scaling and its application in filter design
  • Basic concepts of resistor-capacitor (R/C) circuits
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the mathematical derivation of cutoff frequencies in cascaded filter designs
  • Learn about the effects of filter order on frequency response and stability
  • Explore the design and analysis of higher-order active filters
  • Investigate the use of simulation tools like SPICE for filter performance analysis
USEFUL FOR

Electronics engineers, audio engineers, and students studying signal processing who are interested in filter design and frequency response optimization.

foobag
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Hi Guys.

I have a question on the behavior of active filters (low/high/band) that are connected serially in multiple order magnitude.

For instance given 2 low pass filters.

Now I understand there exists a -6dB/octave cutoff, and generally f_o or the -3dB value is situated at the x-intercept of a graph showing frequency vs gain.

If there are multiple filters, such as 2, then I understand this changes to a -12dB/octave, and so forth as more filters are attached with the same resistor/capacitor values etc.

Now my question is let's say someone asks to find f_4, or f_10, generally how does one go about calculating this? If there was just one LPF with f_0 of 1000Hz, than f_2 is -6dB/octave so it would be half as much, am I correct? How does this apply to a 2 LPF design, would it be 1/4 as much?
 
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so I think I should clarify

that f_2 would be (A = 2, or gain equal to 2?)

so in a bode plot with log f vs log A, the more integrators/low pass filters added would make the line much more steeper am I correct?

Thus for a single LPF (low pass filter), if F_o = 1000 Hz, then F_2 = 500 Hz at (Av = 2).

For a dual LPF configuration of same R/C values, if F_o = 1000Hz, then F_2 would be equal to 250 Hz, 4 times smaller since its -12db/octave??

is this logic correct?
 

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