Adiabatic stretching of a rubber band

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the thermodynamic behavior of a rubber band under adiabatic conditions, specifically addressing two key points: (b) adiabatic stretching of the rubber band leads to an increase in temperature, and (c) the rubber band contracts when warmed while maintaining constant tension. The first law of thermodynamics is applied, with the equation \(dU = C_L dT\) demonstrating the relationship between internal energy change and temperature increase during adiabatic stretching. The equation of state \(f = Tg(L)\) indicates that as temperature increases at constant tension, the length of the rubber band decreases.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of the first law of thermodynamics
  • Familiarity with concepts of adiabatic processes
  • Knowledge of the relationship between tension, temperature, and length in materials
  • Basic grasp of thermodynamic equations and state functions
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the implications of the first law of thermodynamics in various materials
  • Explore the concept of adiabatic processes in different physical systems
  • Investigate the relationship between temperature and material properties in rubber bands
  • Learn about the mathematical modeling of elastic materials under varying conditions
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Students of physics, particularly those studying thermodynamics, material science, and elasticity, as well as educators looking to enhance their understanding of thermodynamic principles in practical applications.

Toby_phys
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Homework Statement


For a stretched rubber band, it is observed experimentally that the tension ##f## is proportional to the temperature ##T## if the length ##L## is held constant. Prove that:

(b) adiabatic stretching of the band results in an increase in temperature;
(c) the band will contract if warmed while kept under constant tension.

Homework Equations


the first law:
$$
dU=Tds+fdL=C_L dT
$$
$$
f=\left (\frac{\partial f}{\partial T}\right )_L T
$$
$$
\left (\frac{\partial L}{\partial f}\right )_T>0
$$

The Attempt at a Solution



(b)[/B]

For an adiabatic process, entropy doesn't increase and so:
$$
dU=fdL=C_LdT
$$

The force is always positive and so temperature is positively increased by length.

This feels too simple so i doubt I am correct. I have no idea for part (c).
 
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How do you know that dU=CdT?
 
There was a part A that was to show this is the case
$$dU=C_vdT+\left[f-T\left(\frac{\partial f}{\partial T}\right)_L\right]dL$$

The second term drops out
 
Toby_phys said:

Homework Statement


For a stretched rubber band, it is observed experimentally that the tension ##f## is proportional to the temperature ##T## if the length ##L## is held constant. Prove that:

(b) adiabatic stretching of the band results in an increase in temperature;
(c) the band will contract if warmed while kept under constant tension.

Homework Equations


the first law:
$$
dU=Tds+fdL=C_L dT
$$
$$
f=\left (\frac{\partial f}{\partial T}\right )_L T
$$
$$
\left (\frac{\partial L}{\partial f}\right )_T>0
$$

The Attempt at a Solution



(b)[/B]

For an adiabatic process, entropy doesn't increase and so:
$$
dU=fdL=C_LdT
$$

The force is always positive and so temperature is positively increased by length.

This feels too simple so i doubt I am correct. I have no idea for part (c).
In part (a) it was shown that f = Tg(L), where g is an increasing function of L. This is the equation of state of the rubber. So if T increases at constant f, what happens to L?
 

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