How Does Surface Tension Affect Bubble Separation in a Narrow Tube?

In summary, the conversation discusses a problem involving an air bubble of radius R formed on a narrow tube with radius r. The air inside the tube has density ρ and velocity v. The radius at which the bubble separates from the tube is determined by equating the force exerted by the air molecules and the force due to surface tension. The surface tension is represented by T and the angle between the surface tension and the tube is represented by θ. After simplifying the equation and using geometry, the answer is found to be R=4T/ρv2.
  • #1
zorro
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Homework Statement


An air bubble of radius R is formed on a narrow tube having a radius r where R>>r. Air of density ρ is blown inside the tube with velocity v. The air molecules collide perpendicularly with the wall of bubble and stop. Find the radius at which the bubble separates from the tube. Take the surface tension of bubble as T.


Homework Equations





The Attempt at a Solution



The bubble will will separate when the force exerted by the air molecules equals the force due to surface tension.
I am not sure of the direction of surface tension. For the bubble to cling to the tube, its direction might be as shown in the attachment.

Tsinθ terms get canceled as they act in opposite directions.
2Tcosθ x 2πr = ρ x πr2 x v2
(I got RHS terms by finding the rate of change of momentum and hence the force )
I can't find out the value of coxθ

The answer is R=4T/ρv2

Any help appreciated.
 

Attachments

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    bubble.jpg
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  • #2
After coming this far, it all comes down to a simple geometry problem :biggrin:
Take a look at the picture: [tex]cos\theta = r/R[/tex]
 

Attachments

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    untitled.JPG
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  • #3
:uhh:
Thanks
 

What is surface tension?

Surface tension is the force that causes the molecules on the surface of a liquid to be pulled together, creating a thin, elastic layer. This is due to the cohesive forces between the molecules.

How is surface tension measured?

Surface tension is typically measured in units of force per unit length, such as newtons per meter (N/m) or dynes per centimeter (dyn/cm). It can be measured using a tensiometer, which measures the force required to pull a small metal ring off the surface of a liquid.

Why do bubbles form?

Bubbles form when air or gas is trapped within a thin layer of liquid that has high surface tension. The surface tension creates a barrier that traps the gas inside, forming a spherical shape.

How does soap affect surface tension?

Soap molecules have a hydrophobic (water-repelling) end and a hydrophilic (water-attracting) end. When soap is added to water, the hydrophobic ends are attracted to the surface of the water, which disrupts the cohesive forces between the water molecules and reduces the surface tension.

What is the significance of surface tension in nature?

Surface tension plays a crucial role in many natural processes, such as the formation of raindrops, the movement of insects on water surfaces, and the ability of plants to transport water and nutrients through their roots and stems. It also helps to keep the alveoli in our lungs from collapsing and allows small organisms to move on the surface of water.

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