To calculate the current through a resistor, Ohm's Law (V = I * R) is used, allowing for the rearrangement to I = V/R. For power absorbed by a resistor, the formula P = VI is applied, where V is the voltage across the resistor and I is the current through it. To find the equivalent resistance seen by a source, one must analyze the circuit configuration, which may involve series and parallel combinations. The discussion highlights the importance of understanding these fundamental electrical concepts. Overall, the thread emphasizes basic calculations related to resistors in electrical circuits.