Interference at Odd vs Even Harmonics: Is the Square Wave Really Square?

AI Thread Summary
The Fourier transform of a square wave typically shows peaks at odd harmonics, but interference at even harmonics can occur under certain conditions. This can happen if the square wave deviates from an ideal shape, influenced by factors such as duty cycle and pulse width. Real-world signals often exhibit variations in rise and fall times, which can alter the harmonic content. Consequently, a square wave that is not perfectly symmetrical may produce unexpected even harmonics. Understanding these nuances is crucial for accurate signal analysis and device performance.
cyclone24
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If I look at the Fourier transform of the square wave signal, the peaks are at the odd multiples. In the device that I am working on, I would expect the interference at the odd harmonics of the center frequency.

But I see the interference at even harmonics. When is this possible?

(Only if the square wave is not really square?)
 
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cyclone24 said:
(Only if the square wave is not really square?)

Nothing is ideal in the real world.
 
The harmonic structure of a pulse signal depends on the duty-cycle. A real 50% square wave has the odd-harmonic structure you mention. Varying the pulse-width will produce different harmonics.
 
It turns out that the difference in rise and fall times lead to different harmonics (odd/even)...
 
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