The Wikipedia page says that "infinite abelian groups are the subject of current research" (you never know how true information on Wikipedia is though, especially on such statements).
Though I usually don't have much to do with group theory, one reason I can think of for not studying commutative groups a lot, is that any subgroup is normal. Now I understand that usually we try to describe larger, new groups by studying their normal subgroups and the corresponding quotients. I can imagine, that commutative groups are not really exciting in this respect: just keep dividing out subgroups until you have reduced it to small pieces, all of which you know.
Also, I think you are right in the remark in your first post: AFAIK commutativity is quite a special property for a group to have, and most groups will be non-commutative anyway (for example, the rotation group in two dimensions is commutative, but not very exciting -- if you want to study rotations in three dimensions you already lose commutativity).