Compute Nickel Filter Thickness to Increase X-Ray Ratio

In summary, to increase the ratio of I(K\alpha)/I(K\beta) from 7.5:1 to 500:1 for a copper target, a nickel filter with a thickness of 20 microns is needed. This can be achieved by calculating the linear absorption coefficients for Kalpha and Kbeta for nickel under copper radiation before and after filtering. The effect of the filter on the mass absorption coefficient can also be modified by weight fractions, where the weight fraction of one element is denoted by x.
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Homework Statement



If the ratio [tex]I(K\alpha)/I(K\beta)[/tex] before filtering is 7.5:1 for a copper target, then compute the thickness of a nickel filter, that would increase this ratio of 500:1.

Mass Absorption Coefficients (cm[tex]^{2}[/tex]/g)

Cu: [tex]\rho[/tex] = 8.93 [tex]g/cm^{3}[/tex]

[tex]K\alpha[/tex] (0.1542nm)
[tex]\mu/\rho[/tex] = 51.54

[tex]K\beta[/tex] (0.1392nm)
[tex]\mu/\rho[/tex] = 38.74

Ni: [tex]\rho[/tex] = 8.91 [tex]g/cm^{3}[/tex]

[tex]K\alpha[/tex] (0.1542nm)
tex]\mu/\rho[/tex] = 48.83

[tex]K\beta[/tex] (0.1392nm)
[tex]\mu / \rho[/tex] = 282.8


Homework Equations



[tex]I_{x} = I_{0} e^{-\mu x}[/tex]

The Attempt at a Solution



The answer is 20 microns.

Trying to align these equations up and solve has not yielded the correct answer. Also, the effect of filter on the mass absorption coeffient can be modified by weight fractions [tex](\mu / \rho ) = x(\mu / \rho)_{1} + (1-x)(\mu / \rho)_{2} [/tex]where x is the weight fraction of one element.

But I am not sure how to incorporate this into my calculations.


Also, unfortunately, my book Structure of Materials (Graff) does not provide any worked out problems.

Any help would be much appreciated.
 
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  • #2
nevermind I was ably to solve this with the relevant equation and calculations for the linear absorption coeffecients of Kalpha and Kbeta for Nickel under copper radiation
 

1. How does increasing the nickel filter thickness affect the X-ray ratio?

The nickel filter thickness directly affects the X-ray ratio by reducing the amount of low energy X-rays that pass through the filter. This results in a higher X-ray ratio as the filter thickness increases.

2. What is the ideal thickness for a nickel filter to increase the X-ray ratio?

The ideal thickness for a nickel filter depends on various factors such as the energy of the X-rays, the composition of the material being analyzed, and the desired level of X-ray ratio. It is recommended to consult a specialist or use a simulation software to determine the ideal thickness.

3. Are there any potential risks or limitations when using a thicker nickel filter?

Using a thicker nickel filter can result in higher X-ray ratios, but it also reduces the overall intensity of the X-rays. This can lead to longer exposure times and potentially affect the accuracy of the analysis. Additionally, using a filter that is too thick can also cause beam hardening, where the X-rays become more energetic, resulting in distorted spectral data.

4. Can the nickel filter thickness be adjusted for different types of samples?

Yes, the nickel filter thickness can be adjusted based on the type of sample being analyzed. For example, if the sample is composed of light elements, a thinner filter may be more suitable to avoid excessive beam hardening. On the other hand, for heavier elements, a thicker filter may be needed to increase the X-ray ratio.

5. How can I measure the thickness of a nickel filter?

The thickness of a nickel filter can be measured using a variety of techniques such as micrometer calipers, laser thickness gauges, or X-ray fluorescence (XRF) measurements. It is important to regularly monitor and calibrate the thickness of the filter to ensure accurate results.

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