Current induced from a changing magnetic field

Join the discussion
Ask a follow-up here, or get your own question answered by working scientists, mathematicians and engineers — people, not an autocomplete.
Real named experts · corrections over time · the nuance an AI answer skips
2 replies · 2K views
unified
Messages
43
Reaction score
0
This question is motivated by Problem 7.12 in Griffiths Electrodynamics book. I have not included it in the homework section, because I have already solved it correctly. However, I question whether my solution which agrees with the solution's manual is correct.

Relevant Equations:
$$\Phi = \int{\vec{B}\cdot d\vec{a}}$$
$$\mathcal{E} = -\frac{d\Phi}{dt}$$
$$I = \mathcal{E}/R$$

The problem states: A long solenoid, of radus a, is driven by an alternating current, so that the field inside is $$\vec{B(t)}{= B_0cos(wt)}\hat{z}$$ A circular loop of wire, of radius a/2 and resistance R, is placed inside the solenoid, and coaxial with it. Find the current induced in the loop, as a function of time.

My solution was to take the field of the solenoid, integrate it over the loop, take the time derivative and use the relation $$\mathcal{E} = -\frac{d\Phi}{dt}$$ Then, one simply takes $$I = \frac{\mathcal{E}}{R}$$ This works just fine, and you'll get the correct answer: $$\frac{\pi a^2wB_0sin(wt)}{4R}$$

However, my concern is that we are ignoring the self inductance. Because the current in the loop is changing, this also creates an emf. The equation we should start with is $$\Phi = \int{\vec{B}\cdot d\vec{a}}$$ taken over the loop's surface. But, the field is no longer the field due simply to the solenoid, but the field should include the contribution from the loop itself because it now has some current running that is changing in time. This would be enormously more complicated as it's hard to calculate the field off axis of a loop. But, shouldn't we include this in the flux calculation?
 
Last edited:
Physics news on Phys.org
Yes, you are correct on this, but usually we ignore the self induction of 1 loop of wire because it seems to be negligible and it induces enormous complications as you said. One additional complication is that the flux inside the primary solenoid also changes (because now we have an additional component of magnetic field produced by the current of the internal loop of wire), hence its back emf changes hence its current changes and hence its magnetic field changes(!) (it is no longer exactly ##B(t)=B_0\cos{\omega t}##).

So if we are to take into account these two additional complications (the self inductance of the wire loop, and the mutual inductance of the wire loop with the primary coil) we have to setup a system of two differential equations that have unknowns the currents ##I_P## (the current in the primary coil) and ##I_S## (the current in the secondary or the wire loop) which are going to be very similar to a voltage transformer equations.
 
Last edited:
  • Like
Likes   Reactions: unified
It depends on R value relative to X value. For a 1 turn loop, X=L*omega would be small. But if R is very small, X cannot be ignored.
The correct Ohm's law relation is V = I*Z, where Z = sqrt((R^2) + (X^2)).

Claude
 
  • Like
Likes   Reactions: Delta2