What Makes Up the 0.1% in Cybrids?

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Recent discussions highlight the creation of cybrids, or cytoplasmic hybrids, which are cell lines formed by fusing human cells with enucleated animal cells. British regulators have approved the development of hybrid human-animal embryos for research aimed at addressing degenerative diseases, despite ethical concerns from various groups. The process involves injecting human DNA into an animal egg cell devoid of its nucleus. These hybrid embryos, which are approximately 99.9% human and 0.1% animal, are intended for stem cell research to potentially lead to new treatments for conditions like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. The minimal animal percentage is attributed to the mitochondrial DNA from the animal cell, which is significantly smaller than the human nuclear genome, explaining the small fraction of non-human genetic material in these hybrids.
Astronuc
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have been making the news lately. Supposedly some are 99% or 99.9% human. Hmmmm. So what's the other 1% or 0.1%?

Cybrids, or cytoplasmic hybrids, are eukaryotic cell lines produced by the fusion of whole cells with cytoplasts. Cytoplasts are enucleated cells.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytoplasmic_hybrid

Scientists Hope to Create Human-Animal Embryo
http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=14191423
All Things Considered, September 5, 2007 · British regulators decided Wednesday to allow, at least in principle, the creation of hybrid human-animal embryos for research into degenerative diseases. The move came despite fierce opposition from some church and ethics groups.

Two teams of British scientists had applied to Britain's Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA) for permission to create what are known in Britain as cytoplastic hybrids, or cybrids, in order to overcome a shortage of donated human eggs.

The process involves injecting human DNA into an animal egg cell from which the nucleus has been removed.

Researchers hope to use the hybrid embryos, which must be destroyed after 14 days, which would create stem cells. The stem cells could be used to help find new medical treatments for diseases such as Alzheimer's, Lou Gehrig's, and Parkinson's.

. . . .

Scientists have said they understand that the idea of the process — which would create a hybrid embryo that is 99.9 percent human and 0.1 percent animal — might be shocking to some people. But Dr. Stephen Minger of Kings College London says the public should not be alarmed.
 
Biology news on Phys.org
Astronuc said:
So what's the other 1% or 0.1%?
It seems that the other small percentage reflects the genetics introduced into the cytoplasmic hybrid by fusing an anucleated cell from a non-human source (no nuclear DNA) with function mitochondria (with their mitochondrial genome) with a human cell with possibly no functional mitochondria. The mitochondrial genome is very small compared to the nuclear genome whihc results in a small %.
 
Popular article referring to the BA.2 variant: Popular article: (many words, little data) https://www.cnn.com/2022/02/17/health/ba-2-covid-severity/index.html Preprint article referring to the BA.2 variant: Preprint article: (At 52 pages, too many words!) https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.14.480335v1.full.pdf [edited 1hr. after posting: Added preprint Abstract] Cheers, Tom

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