Demonstrate that Cv depends only on temperature

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    Cv Temperature
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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the dependence of the heat capacity at constant volume (Cv) on temperature, particularly in the context of gases. Participants explore theoretical and empirical aspects of Cv, including its definitions and implications in different conditions.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant notes the definition of Cv as Cv = δQv/dT = (∂U/∂T)v and expresses confusion about its dependence on the nature of the gas.
  • Another participant argues that the value of Cv for diatomic gases (5/2) is not valid across all temperature ranges due to the neglect of vibrational modes.
  • A participant seeks a non-experimental method to prove that Cv depends only on temperature, indicating a lack of resources in their textbook and online.
  • One participant mentions that internal energy (U) for monatomic gases is related to mean kinetic energy and temperature, suggesting a connection between Cv and U.
  • A participant asserts that Cv does not depend solely on temperature, stating that it also depends on pressure, particularly at higher pressures, while noting that it can be considered temperature-dependent in the ideal gas limit.
  • Another participant claims that it is an empirical fact that Cv depends only on temperature for all gases at low pressures and discusses the need for the equation of state to show the relationship mathematically.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on whether Cv depends solely on temperature. Some argue it does under certain conditions, while others assert that pressure also plays a significant role, particularly at higher pressures. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the generality of Cv's dependence on temperature.

Contextual Notes

Participants highlight limitations in their resources and understanding, with some relying on empirical observations and others seeking theoretical justifications. The discussion reflects varying interpretations of Cv's behavior under different conditions.

mwa1
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Hello,

I stumbled upon this question and I don't know how to answer it...

I know that Cv is defined as Cv = δQv/dT = (∂U/∂T)v but I thought it's value was determined by the nature of the gas only (3/2 for monoatomic and 5/2 for diatomic).

Can someone help me figure this out ?
 
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but I thought it's value was determined by the nature of the gas only (3/2 for monoatomic and 5/2 for diatomic).
The 5/2 is not valid in the whole temperature range, as it does not take vibrations into account.
 
Ok, but do you have any idea of how I could prove that it depends only on temperature ? (other than experimentally)
I can't seem to find anything about this on the internet or my textbook.
 
mwa1 said:
I can't seem to find anything about this on the internet or my textbook.

That's strange. I typed "Cv depends only on temperature" into Google and got lots of explanations.
 
Well I haven't. I wouldn't bother posting and waiting for an answer if I had found something convincing...

As I understand it, Internal Energy is defined as (for monatomic gases) the mean Kinetic Energy of all molecules and Temperature is a measurement of it :

Nm<v2>/2 = U = 3NkBT/2

and Cv is just 3NkB/2

Cv can always be written in terms of U and T but then how do I get rid of the U ?
 
Cv does not depend only on temperature. It also depends on pressure, as does U. If you are focusing exclusively on gases, then Cv depends only on temperature in the limit of very low pressures. This is what we call the ideal gas region. At higher pressures, Cv depends on pressure.

Chet
 
mwa1 said:
Hello,

I stumbled upon this question and I don't know how to answer it...

I know that Cv is defined as Cv = δQv/dT = (∂U/∂T)v but I thought it's value was determined by the nature of the gas only (3/2 for monoatomic and 5/2 for diatomic).

Can someone help me figure this out ?
It is an empirical fact that for all gases at low pressures Cv depends only on temperature. But in order to show mathematically the relationship between Cv and temperature for a particular gas you would need to know the equation of state for the gas. For an ideal monatomic gas, Cv is constant:

PV=nRT

dQ/dT = d/dT(U + PdV)

(dQ/dT)V = (dU/dT)V = Cv

From Kinetic Theory, U = 3nRT/2. So (dU/dT)V = 3nR/2 = Cv = constant

AM
 
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