To design an engine stand for a 4000lb semi engine, calculating the required torque to turn the engine at the end of the shaft is essential. The formula P = T*w can be used, where P is power, T is torque, and w is angular velocity. One effective method involves coupling the engine to a motor and using a tachometer to measure the motor speed at which the crankshaft begins to turn. By referencing the motor's performance chart, the torque exerted at that specific speed can be determined. Accurate torque calculations are crucial for ensuring the engine stand's stability and functionality.