Heat causes molecules to vibrate, but the direction of this vibration can differ from the direction of heat transfer in conduction, convection, and radiation. In metallic conduction, the movement of electrons plays a more significant role in heat transfer than molecular vibrations. While individual molecules may vibrate in various directions, the overall net movement aligns with the direction of heat transfer. It's important to note that heat transfer occurs in three dimensions at the molecular level. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for comprehending heat transfer mechanisms.
