Discovering the Secrets of Second Sound: Cooling to 2.5 mK in Superfluid 3He

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Second sound is a phenomenon observed in superfluid 3He at extremely low temperatures, specifically around 2.5 mK. Achieving such low temperatures typically involves advanced cooling techniques beyond standard methods like liquid nitrogen or helium. Two primary methods discussed are dilution refrigeration and magnetic refrigeration, both of which allow for reaching millikelvin ranges. The discussion also touches on the role of Pauli pressure in this context, highlighting its significance in understanding superfluid behavior. Overall, the exploration of second sound in superfluid 3He reveals fascinating insights into low-temperature physics.
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I've just read about the second sound and that this phenomenon can be seen in superfluid 3He at 2.5 mK. How do they manage to come that close to 0?
A short hint about the methods would be nice to read. Normally you hear that things are cooled by fluid nitrogen or helium. But mK are out of reach by those.
 
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