Effect of Pressure on Heating (not boiling) water

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the effect of pressure on the heating of water in a solar water heater system. At atmospheric pressure, water can reach temperatures of 65 degrees Celsius, while at 100 PSI, the maximum temperature observed is only 47 degrees Celsius. The primary explanation provided is that increased pressure leads to higher flow rates, reducing the time water spends in the solar collector, thus limiting heat absorption. Additionally, while pressure does increase the boiling point of water, the impact on heat capacity at these pressures is minimal.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of thermodynamics, specifically the relationship between pressure and boiling point.
  • Knowledge of solar water heating systems and their operational principles.
  • Familiarity with fluid dynamics, particularly flow rates in pressurized systems.
  • Basic principles of heat transfer and heat capacity in liquids.
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the impact of flow rates on heat transfer efficiency in solar water heaters.
  • Study the principles of thermodynamics related to pressure and temperature in fluids.
  • Explore the effects of pressure on the physical properties of water, including density and heat capacity.
  • Investigate methods to optimize solar collector designs for varying pressure conditions.
USEFUL FOR

Engineers, solar energy technicians, and anyone involved in the design or optimization of solar water heating systems will benefit from this discussion.

TandemDrip
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I understand that if I apply pressure to water in a closed system, the boiling point increases. So at atmospheric pressure, it boils at 100 degrees C and at 100 PSI, this number increases to 164 degrees C. In my experiment, I'm using the sun to heat the water as it runs through a solar water heater on the roof. What I don't understand is why if I have the system at atmospheric pressure, it gets hotter than is I pressurize the circuit at 100 PSI. For example, at atmospheric pressure, I can get 65 degrees from my collector, but if I prime the circuit to mains pressure of 100 PSI, I struggle to get 47 degrees C. Why ? Can someone please explain this and provide a reference for me to research this more.
 
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TandemDrip said:
I understand that if I apply pressure to water in a closed system, the boiling point increases. So at atmospheric pressure, it boils at 100 degrees C and at 100 PSI, this number increases to 164 degrees C. In my experiment, I'm using the sun to heat the water as it runs through a solar water heater on the roof. What I don't understand is why if I have the system at atmospheric pressure, it gets hotter than is I pressurize the circuit at 100 PSI. For example, at atmospheric pressure, I can get 65 degrees from my collector, but if I prime the circuit to mains pressure of 100 PSI, I struggle to get 47 degrees C. Why ? Can someone please explain this and provide a reference for me to research this more.

Are you sure it's not just a question of flow rates? Unless you are regulating the flow somehow, the rate will be much faster at 100 psi, and so there will be less time for the water to absorb heat as it runs through the solar heater. There could also be a small increase in the heat capacity due to changes in the density at the higher pressure, but since water isn't very compressible, I would think that it is basically negligible.
 

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