Eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a Hamiltonian

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on finding the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a Hamiltonian for a two-level quantum system represented by the operator $$\hat H = \epsilon (|1 \rangle \langle 1 | - |2 \rangle \langle 2 | + |1 \rangle \langle 2 | + |2 \rangle \langle 1 |)$$. The matrix representation of the Hamiltonian is $$H = \begin{bmatrix} \epsilon & \epsilon \\ \epsilon & -\epsilon \end{bmatrix}$$. The correct eigenvalues derived from the determinant calculation are $$\lambda = \pm \sqrt{2} \epsilon$$, confirming the eigenvalues are indeed non-zero and valid. The discussion highlights the importance of careful determinant calculations in quantum mechanics.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of quantum mechanics, specifically Hamiltonians.
  • Familiarity with linear algebra concepts such as eigenvalues and eigenvectors.
  • Proficiency in matrix operations, including determinants.
  • Knowledge of Dirac notation for quantum states.
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation of eigenvalues and eigenvectors in quantum mechanics using various Hamiltonians.
  • Learn about the implications of eigenvalues in quantum state evolution.
  • Explore the significance of orthonormal bases in quantum mechanics.
  • Investigate the role of Hamiltonians in different physical systems beyond two-level systems.
USEFUL FOR

Students and professionals in quantum mechanics, physicists working with two-level systems, and anyone interested in the mathematical foundations of quantum theory.

astrocytosis
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Homework Statement



The Hamiltonian of a certain two-level system is:

$$\hat H = \epsilon (|1 \rangle \langle 1 | - |2 \rangle \langle 2 | + |1 \rangle \langle 2 | + |2 \rangle \langle 1 |)$$

Where ##|1 \rangle, |2 \rangle## is an orthonormal basis and ##\epsilon## is a number with units of energy. Find its eigenvalues and eigenvectors (as linear combinations of ##|1 \rangle, |2 \rangle##). What is the matrix H representing ##\hat H## with respect to this basis?

Homework Equations



N/A?

The Attempt at a Solution


[/B]
This problem seems like it should be simple but I think I'm having trouble internalizing the notation. I know each bracket pair represents the 11, 12, 21, 22 components of the matrix, so I thought H should be\begin{bmatrix}
\epsilon & \epsilon \\
\epsilon & -\epsilon
\end{bmatrix}

then I tried to find the eigenvalues the usual way by subtracting ##\lambda I## and taking the determinant of\begin{bmatrix}
\epsilon - \lambda & \epsilon \\
\epsilon & -\epsilon- \lambda
\end{bmatrix}
but I ended up with an expression that implies ##\lambda = 0##

$$-\epsilon^2 + \lambda^2 + \epsilon^2 = 0$$

so I must be misunderstanding something.

EDIT: I miscalculated the determinant, so my answer is actually plausible, but would still appreciate confirmation that this is correct

$$\lambda = \pm \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \epsilon$$
 
Last edited:
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Are you sure you wrote that last equation as you intended?
 
I lost a negative sign in the determinant. That will teach me not to skip steps :P Also, it's just ##\sqrt{2} \epsilon##
 

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