Albert Einstein's principle of the constancy of the speed of light has been reaffirmed, ruling out certain theories that propose extra dimensions and a complex structure of space. This finding is supported by evidence from high-energy astrophysical phenomena, such as absorption in the spectra of nearby BL Lac objects, which suggests that quantum gravity scales exceed the Planck mass. The discussion also touches on the implications for models like loop quantum gravity, which are deemed incompatible with current observations. Additionally, the phenomenon of blazars, which are active galactic nuclei viewed along their jets, is mentioned as a point of interest in understanding cosmic structures. Overall, the conversation highlights significant constraints on theoretical models of physics based on empirical data.