Electromagnetic wave in a conductor

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SUMMARY

When an electromagnetic wave encounters a conductor, the wave is significantly damped due to the properties of the conductor. The electric field inside the conductor is effectively zero, as the net charge resides on the surface, leading to rapid attenuation of the wave. Electrons in conductors are not entirely free; their movement is restricted, which contributes to the heating effect observed when current flows through the conductor. This phenomenon is crucial for understanding electromagnetic wave behavior in conductive materials.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of electromagnetic wave properties
  • Knowledge of conductor behavior, specifically electron mobility
  • Familiarity with electric fields and charge distribution
  • Basic principles of thermal effects in conductors
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the skin effect in conductors and its impact on electromagnetic wave propagation
  • Explore the differences between conductors and superconductors in electromagnetic applications
  • Study the mathematical representation of electromagnetic wave attenuation in conductive materials
  • Investigate practical applications of electromagnetic wave behavior in electrical engineering
USEFUL FOR

Physicists, electrical engineers, and students studying electromagnetism will benefit from this discussion, particularly those interested in the interaction of electromagnetic waves with conductive materials.

aaaa202
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When an electromagnetic wave hits a conductor the transmitted part of the wave is damped considerably. I want to know if anyone can explain physically why the field is attentuated inside the conductor - i.e. what happens.
I know the basic properties of a conductor:
- Electrons free to roam
- E-field 0 inside it
- Net charge resides on surface
But can't really combine this to a clear understanding.
 
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aaaa202 said:
When an electromagnetic wave hits a conductor the transmitted part of the wave is damped considerably. I want to know if anyone can explain physically why the field is attentuated inside the conductor - i.e. what happens.
I know the basic properties of a conductor:
- Electrons free to roam
- E-field 0 inside it
- Net charge resides on surface
But can't really combine this to a clear understanding.

The electrons are not completely free in most conductors (except super conductors ). If the electrons were completely free in metals incandescent electric lights would not work. A current that is passed through a conductor heats it.

The electric field dies off rapidly inside a conductor but the change is not infinite, dE/dx ≠ ∞
 

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