Electron configuration is the arrangement of electrons in an atom, molecule or other physical structure. It describes how electrons are distributed among the various atomic orbitals and energy levels.
Magnetism is a property of materials that arise from the movement of electrons. The arrangement of electrons in an atom or molecule determines its magnetic properties.
Unpaired electrons are electrons that are not paired with another electron in an orbital. These electrons can contribute to an atom's magnetic properties.
The electron configuration of an atom determines its chemical properties, as it dictates how electrons can be gained, lost, or shared in chemical reactions. Atoms with incomplete or unpaired electron configurations tend to be more reactive.
Electron configuration is determined using the Aufbau principle, which states that electrons fill atomic orbitals in order of increasing energy. The specific arrangement of electrons can be determined using the Pauli exclusion principle and Hund's rule.