I EM Waves in a Rotating Frame: Questions & Answers

Xynon
Messages
5
Reaction score
1
Hello there,

I have a question (two very similar questions) about the time and phase delay between rotating objects. I want to describe two extreme cases here: I would appreciate any helps.

Case 1
Imagine two observers (people with telescopes maybe) in space that are standing thousands of kilometers apart and directly facing each other in free space.

At time t0 they are standing still. At t1 they start rotating about the axis between them (their centers of bodies) with let's say 360 degrees/second in the same directions. And after a time delay, at t2 , the "news that the other observer had started rotating" arrives to each observer.

What would an observer see after t1 and t2 ?

My guess is that;
during from t1 to t2, an observer would see him/herself rotating relative to the other one. In other words, s/he would see the other one starting to rotate in the opposite direction.

But at t2, the other observer would seem to have stopped rotating relative this one. However, s/he would look standing tilted with an angle of maybe like 10-20 degrees.

Case 2

Same as in the Case 1 but let's replace the observers with huge horseshoe magnets, poles directly facing each other, looking like this:
< ....... >

(pulling or pushing orientation doesn't matter). Let's say at t0, they were pushing each other with F0.

Between t1 and t2, would the force start decreasing?

After t2, would they reach a stable force F2 which is smaller than F0? (Due to them "seeing" each other tilted with an angle)

I know the examples here are too extreme to be realistic but in order to render any other factors uneffective, I needed to exaggerate. Thank you for your time.
 
  • Like
Likes davidge
Physics news on Phys.org
For Case 2, for the very long distances you specify, we must assume that the static magnetic field is negligible. However, an accelerating magnet can radiate an EM wave, so the second magnet will respond to an EM wave radiated by the first. But the radiated field depends on acceleration, not on velocity, so at t2 the second magnet will receive a sudden kick as a consequence of the start of movement of the first magnet.
 
  • Like
Likes davidge
tech99 said:
an accelerating magnet can radiate an EM wave
Is it easy deriving general equations for the magnitude, etc of such EM wave?
 
davidge said:
Is it easy deriving general equations for the magnitude, etc of such EM wave?
No.
For an accelerating electric charge, there is the Lamour Equation (Wiki) which gives the radiated power, but I have never seen the equivalent equation for an accelerating magnet. There is always that niggling doubt in my mind about radiation by a magnet! After all, a magnet consists of moving charges anyway.
 
  • Like
Likes davidge
tech99 said:
No.
For an accelerating electric charge, there is the Lamour Equation (Wiki) which gives the radiated power, but I have never seen the equivalent equation for an accelerating magnet. There is always that niggling doubt in my mind about radiation by a magnet! After all, a magnet consists of moving charges anyway.
Oh, ok. Thanks.
 
Xynon said:
Case 1 ...

Case 2 ...
If they saw each other through a telescope before they started rotating, they will see nothing after they started due to aberration of light, I am afraid to say. Aberration of light changes apparent position of illuminated object. I think they must tilt telescopes forward at corresponding to their velocity angle so as a ray of light could pass through the telescope. At least, they can find this angle by trial and error.
Related article: R C Jennison. Ray path in a rotating system 1963 Nature No 4895 p. 739
 
Last edited:
  • Like
Likes Xynon
Thread 'Can this experiment break Lorentz symmetry?'
1. The Big Idea: According to Einstein’s relativity, all motion is relative. You can’t tell if you’re moving at a constant velocity without looking outside. But what if there is a universal “rest frame” (like the old idea of the “ether”)? This experiment tries to find out by looking for tiny, directional differences in how objects move inside a sealed box. 2. How It Works: The Two-Stage Process Imagine a perfectly isolated spacecraft (our lab) moving through space at some unknown speed V...
Does the speed of light change in a gravitational field depending on whether the direction of travel is parallel to the field, or perpendicular to the field? And is it the same in both directions at each orientation? This question could be answered experimentally to some degree of accuracy. Experiment design: Place two identical clocks A and B on the circumference of a wheel at opposite ends of the diameter of length L. The wheel is positioned upright, i.e., perpendicular to the ground...
According to the General Theory of Relativity, time does not pass on a black hole, which means that processes they don't work either. As the object becomes heavier, the speed of matter falling on it for an observer on Earth will first increase, and then slow down, due to the effect of time dilation. And then it will stop altogether. As a result, we will not get a black hole, since the critical mass will not be reached. Although the object will continue to attract matter, it will not be a...
Back
Top