Energy in a wave is the ability of the wave to do work or cause a change in the medium through which it is traveling. It is transferred through the oscillation of particles in the medium, and is directly proportional to the amplitude of the wave.
The energy of a wave is directly proportional to its frequency. This means that as the frequency of a wave increases, so does its energy. This relationship is described by the equation E = hf, where E is the energy, h is Planck's constant, and f is the frequency.
Momentum in a wave is the product of its mass and velocity. It is a measure of the motion of the wave and is conserved during interactions with other waves or particles.
The momentum of a wave is inversely proportional to its wavelength. This means that as the wavelength of a wave increases, its momentum decreases. This relationship is described by the equation p = h/λ, where p is the momentum, h is Planck's constant, and λ is the wavelength.
The principle of conservation of energy and momentum states that energy and momentum cannot be created or destroyed, but can only be transferred from one form to another. This means that during interactions between waves or particles, the total energy and momentum must remain constant.