The energy of a photon in electromagnetic (EM) radiation is directly proportional to its frequency, explaining why high-frequency gamma radiation is more dangerous than low-frequency radio waves. Photons do not travel in sinusoidal paths; rather, they are quantum mechanical entities that cannot be intuitively understood in classical terms. The relationship between photon frequency and energy is supported by the photoelectric effect, where higher frequency light can eject electrons from metal, while lower frequencies cannot, regardless of intensity. EM waves consist of oscillating electric and magnetic fields that are perpendicular to each other and to the direction of propagation. Understanding the nature of photons and EM waves requires a solid grasp of both classical electromagnetism and quantum mechanics.