Energy required to create electron positon pair

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the energy required to create electron-positron pairs from vacuum fluctuations, as described in Jonathan Allday's book, "Quarks, Leptons and the Big Bang." It is established that while quantum mechanics allows for energy fluctuations due to the uncertainty principle, these fluctuations do not imply that particles can be created from a true vacuum. Warren argues that the vacuum state is stable, and the energy fluctuations do not lead to the creation of electron-positron pairs, contradicting the notion that vacuum energy can directly produce particles.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of quantum mechanics principles, particularly the uncertainty principle.
  • Familiarity with vacuum states in quantum field theory.
  • Knowledge of particle physics, specifically electron-positron pair production.
  • Basic grasp of operators in quantum mechanics.
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  • Research the Heisenberg uncertainty principle and its implications in quantum mechanics.
  • Study vacuum states and their properties in quantum field theory.
  • Explore the concept of particle creation in quantum mechanics, focusing on electron-positron pairs.
  • Investigate the role of field energy fluctuations in quantum systems.
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This discussion is beneficial for physicists, students of quantum mechanics, and anyone interested in the foundational concepts of particle physics and vacuum energy dynamics.

emanaly
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I have read in a book by Jonathan Allday (Quarks, Leptons and
the Big Bang, Institute of Physics Publishing
Bristol and Philadelphia), the following
The positron electron pair which are materialized out of the vacuum are being created by the energy stored in the vacuum(zero point energy) and the energy returned again when the pair disappear.

My Question is :Is his explanation about the energy which creates electron positron pair being provided from the energy stored in the vacuum right?
 
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Quantum mechanics predicts a (sort of) uncertainy principle between energy and time. (Even though time is technically not an observable.) This means that a system can have quite large fluctuations in total energy, as long as those fluctuations are short-lived.

- Warren
 
As time is not an operator, in principle energy can be measured with an arbitrary precision during an arbitrarily short time. The intuitive picture of particles created for a short time owing to the Heisenberg uncertainty relations is never used in actual calculations. In my opinion, such an intuitive picture is completely misleading.

Furthermore, the vacuum is an eigenstate of the operator of the number of particles. Therefore, the number of particles does NOT fluctuate in the vacuum. What fluctuates is the field energy, but electron-positron pairs cannot be created in the true vacuum, not even for a short time.
 
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