Estimate Air Density in ICE at Different Throttle Speeds

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around estimating air density in internal combustion engines (ICE) at varying throttle speeds and the effects of temperature and pressure on airflow. Participants explore theoretical and practical implications of these factors on engine performance.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested
  • Mathematical reasoning

Main Points Raised

  • One participant inquires about estimating charge density in an ICE under different throttle conditions, suggesting that at high airflow speeds, manifold pressure approximates atmospheric conditions.
  • Another participant questions whether the density at lower throttle conditions, with a manifold pressure of 50kPa, would be half of atmospheric density, using a specific formula for calculation.
  • A later post introduces a hypothetical scenario involving a long tube with varying temperatures, asking if air density would differ at various points along the tube under airflow conditions.
  • One participant expresses curiosity about the effects of heat and pressure on airflow into an engine, noting that the engine is not a static system and questioning how heating affects air density and flow rate.
  • Another participant confirms that as air heats up during induction, it expands, leading to less charge entering the cylinders, and discusses the importance of cold air sources and intercoolers for performance.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express varying viewpoints on the effects of temperature and pressure on air density and engine performance. There is no consensus on the specific calculations or implications of these factors, and some questions remain unresolved.

Contextual Notes

Participants mention assumptions about standard atmospheric conditions and the behavior of air under different temperatures and pressures, but the discussion does not fully resolve the mathematical or theoretical implications of these conditions.

Who May Find This Useful

Individuals interested in internal combustion engine performance, thermodynamics, and fluid dynamics may find this discussion relevant.

TexanJohn
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How would you estimate the charge density (air actually entering the cylinder) in an ICE? Assume the outside is standard pressure and temperature of 15*C (60* F) and 101.3kPa (14.7psi). At high airflow speeds (Wide Open Throttle), pressure in the manifold should approximate atmospheric conditions. There is also less time for heat soak while the air travels to the cylinder.

What about a lower throttle (air speeds)? Assume the manifold pressure is 50kPa, but we keep the temperature constant. Is the density really half of the atmospheric conditions (using 2.7 * P / T ; P in psi and T in *R)?
 
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Anyone have a thought? :)
 
Nobody. :frown:


Let me ask the question this way: :)

What if I had a long tube, and I was pushing/pulling air through this tube. Assume that there are signifcant temperature differences along the tube:

100* -20* 50*
---|---------------------|---------------------------|--------------

-> -> -> Airflow -> -> ->

---|---------------------|---------------------------|--------------


If I could "capture" part of the air at the temperature points above, is the density different at each point? Assume that a fan is pushing air through the tube at a rate of 200cfm and the air entering is 60*F and 101.3kPa.
 
TexanJohn said:
How would you estimate the charge density (air actually entering the cylinder) in an ICE?

What is ICE?
 
zoki85 said:
What is ICE?

Internal Combustion Engine


Is that why no one has responded? Where have all the IC engine gurus gone? :)


Just curious about thoughts on the effects of heat and pressure relating to airflow into an engine. Since the engine is not static nor a 'closed system'(I am sure that I am not using that term correctly. e.g. like a balloon filled with air; heat it, it expands, same mass but now more volume, thus less dense), I was curious about the effects of heat (and pressure) on the air entering the engine. The intake manifold, intake ports, etc. can't expand like the balloon, but the air can flow backwards through the system. i.e. back out through the TB the wrong direction. As air enters the engine and is heated, does the air 'expand', does this alter (slow) the airflow rate, etc.
 
Yes, as the air picks up heat during the induction process, it expands, and you get less charge into the cylinders. This is exactly why air inlets on performance cars are sited to ensure the source is as cold as possible, why intercoolers work so well, and why your car seems to have better performance on a cold day.

I'd not done any replying cos I've just bought a house and been moving in!
 

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