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In Principles of General Thermodynamics, Hatsopoulus and Keenan (p 442) make the following claim:
What, however, would be some physical examples of such a system?
What, however, would be some physical examples of such a system?if a system is in such a state that it cannot receive work adiabatically, it is in equilibrium.
An adiabatic process is a thermodynamic process in which there is no transfer of heat or matter between the system and its surroundings. This means that the system is completely isolated, and the only way for it to exchange energy is through work.
Some systems cannot receive work adiabatically because they are not completely isolated. These systems may have some form of energy transfer, such as heat or matter exchange, with their surroundings, which prevents them from undergoing an adiabatic process.
Examples of systems that cannot receive work adiabatically include open systems, such as a pot of boiling water, where heat and steam can escape, and closed systems with imperfect insulation, such as a refrigerator.
In an adiabatic process, there is no transfer of heat or matter, so the internal energy of the system remains constant. This means that any changes in the system's energy must come from work done on or by the system.
Although ideal adiabatic processes do not occur in real-world systems, they can be approximated in certain situations. For example, a well-insulated thermos can come close to an adiabatic process, as it minimizes heat transfer with the outside environment.