Exploring Interference Patterns: Building and Testing a Michelson Interferometer

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Misaligning one of the outer mirrors in a Michelson interferometer by a small angle will alter the shape of the interference pattern observed in the detector plane, potentially leading to fringe shifts or distortions. As the other mirror is moved, the interference pattern will change dynamically, reflecting the varying path lengths of the light beams. Constructing a simple interferometer can be done using accessible materials like a laser source, a beamsplitter, first surface mirrors, and a white paper screen. Experimentation with this setup, including intentional misalignment, can provide valuable insights into the behavior of interference patterns. Engaging in hands-on experimentation is encouraged to deepen understanding of these optical phenomena.
sergyegi
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I would like an outside opinion on something I've been thinking about lately. If one of the outer mirrors on a Michelson interferometer was to be misaligned by a small angle of theta, what would be the shape of the interference pattern in the detector plane? What would happen to this pattern as the other mirror moves?
 
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Do you have access to some simple items to make an interferometer? A laser source, a beamsplitter (microscope slide would do), two first surface mirrors and a white paper screen: and you're there! Build it yourself and try misaligning one mirror. I once saw this setup functioning in a sandbox. The beamsplitter and mirrors were on posts stuck into the sand. Experiment!
 

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