Find kinetic energy from potential energy and moment of inertia?

In summary, a solid cylinder of mass 0.600kg is released from rest and rolls down an incline of 30 degrees starting 0.60m above the floor. The linear speed of the cylinder at the bottom of the incline can be calculated by taking into account both translational and rotational kinetic energy. Using the equation for translational KE and considering the rotational KE, the linear speed is calculated to be 3.43 m/s.
  • #1
cc2hende
8
0

Homework Statement



A solid cylinder of mass 0.600kg is released from rest and allowed to roll down a board that has an incline of 30degrees to the horizontal floor. If the solid cylinder is released 0.60m above the floor, what is the cylinder's linear speed when it reaches the lowest end of the board? Take into account translational and rotational kinetic energy. Assume no sliding of the cylinder/no friction)

Homework Equations



Rotational KE= (1/2)*I*ω^2
Translational KE= (1/2)*m*v^2
PE1 + KE1 = PE2 + KE2

The Attempt at a Solution



PE1 + KE1 = PE2 + KE2
mgh + 0 = 0 +1/2 mv^2
mgh=1/2mv^2
√2gh=v
√2(9.8m/s2)(0.60m)
=3.43 m/s

I don't know if this is right though because the question throws me off when it says to take translational and rotational KE into account.
 
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  • #2
You have forgotten the rotational KE.
 
  • #3
Because the object is rolling, that means it has translation as well as rotation. Therefore the potential energy is shared between two types of kinetic energy. What you have done only applies to a block sliding down a slope with no friction. You must account for the rotational KE. You have the formula for it. Omega can be related to linear velocity...
 

1. How do you calculate the kinetic energy from potential energy and moment of inertia?

To find the kinetic energy from potential energy and moment of inertia, you can use the formula: K = (1/2)Iω2, where K is the kinetic energy, I is the moment of inertia, and ω is the angular velocity. This formula is derived from the relationship between rotational kinetic energy and angular velocity.

2. What is the difference between potential energy and kinetic energy?

Potential energy is the energy stored in an object due to its position or configuration, while kinetic energy is the energy an object possesses due to its motion. In the context of rotational motion, potential energy is typically associated with an object's position relative to a reference point, while kinetic energy is associated with an object's angular velocity.

3. Can you calculate kinetic energy without knowing potential energy and moment of inertia?

Yes, you can calculate kinetic energy without knowing potential energy and moment of inertia. If you know the mass and velocity of an object, you can use the formula: K = (1/2)mv2 to calculate the kinetic energy. This formula is derived from the relationship between linear kinetic energy and velocity.

4. How does moment of inertia affect an object's kinetic energy?

The moment of inertia of an object is a measure of its resistance to rotational motion. The higher the moment of inertia, the more energy is required to rotate the object at a given angular velocity. Therefore, for a given potential energy, an object with a higher moment of inertia will have a lower kinetic energy compared to an object with a lower moment of inertia.

5. What are the units of kinetic energy, potential energy, and moment of inertia?

Kinetic energy and potential energy have the same units, joules (J), in the International System of Units (SI). Moment of inertia has the unit of kilogram-meter squared (kg·m2) in SI. In some contexts, moment of inertia may also be expressed in units of gram-centimeter squared (g·cm2).

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