Finding & Classifying Local/Absolute Extrema of f(x,y)

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on finding and classifying local and absolute extrema of the function f(x,y) = x - xy within the defined region D = {(x,y) | x² + y² ≤ 1 and x + y ≥ 0}. The critical point identified is a = (0,1), where the Hessian matrix is H = [[0, -1], [-1, 0]]. The quadratic form Q(x,y) = -2xy indicates that the critical point is a saddle point, thus neither a local maximum nor minimum. The challenge of finding absolute extrema using polar coordinates is also highlighted, as the transformation complicates the identification of extrema.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of multivariable calculus, specifically critical points and the Hessian matrix.
  • Knowledge of polar coordinates and their application in calculus.
  • Familiarity with the concept of saddle points in optimization.
  • Ability to analyze quadratic forms in the context of extrema classification.
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the method of Lagrange multipliers for constrained optimization.
  • Learn about the classification of critical points using the second derivative test.
  • Explore polar coordinate transformations in multivariable calculus.
  • Review examples of finding absolute extrema in bounded regions.
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Students and educators in multivariable calculus, mathematicians focusing on optimization problems, and anyone interested in understanding the classification of extrema in constrained environments.

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Homework Statement



Find and classify the local and absolute extrema of the function
f(x,y)=x-xy over the region
D={(x,y)|x^2+y^2\leq1 and x+y\geq0}

Homework Equations





The Attempt at a Solution


Critical points are where the first derivative (gradient) is 0.
\nablaf=(1-y, -x)=0
So critical point a=(0,1)

In order to classify the critical point, find the Hessian matrix of f at a:
H=\left(\begin{array}{cc}0&-1\\-1&0\end{array}\right)
Then the quadratic form is:
Q(x,y)=Hk\cdotk=-2xy
Q(a)=Q(0,1)=0

Which means the test is inconclusive? I.e., the critical point a is a saddle point, which is neither local maximum or minimum. Am I right?


Also, how do you find the absolute extreme of the function on the region aforementioned?

I tried to convert x^2+y^2<=1 to polar coordinates, which gives
r^2\cos^2\eta+r^2\sin^2\eta\leq1
r^2\leq1
0&lt;r\leq1
However, this doesn't help much as the original function converted to polar coordinates is not straightforward to find its extrema given the domain of r and theta.
 
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