Finding the Constants α and β for a Racehorse's Acceleration and Velocity

[roam]

Homework Statement

A racehorse accelerates from rest at time t = 0.0 s, out of its starting stalls with a time dependent acceleration a given by a = 1.7α - 0.6β t. It accelerates so until time = 4 s when it reaches a consant racing speed of v = 15.5 ms^{–1}.

(a) Use this information to first estabilsh how the constants α and β are related to each other.

(b) Using the definition of acceleration as the time rate of change of velocity, find an expression for the velocity and use it to establish the values of the consants α and β from the information available above. Be sure to include the correct SI units with the values of each of these constants.

The Attempt at a Solution

(a) The answer has to be \alpha = 1.41 \beta and when I solve the following for alpha in terms of beta

a =1.7 \alpha - 0.6 \beta 4

a=v/t = 15.5/4=3.87 so

3.9= 1.7 \alpha -2.4 \beta

\alpha = 2.29+1.41 \beta

So it should be \alpha = 2.29+1.41 \beta, but why does the answers suggest that is should be \alpha = 1.41 \beta? What happens to the term 2.29?

(b) It wouldn't work if I substitute \alpha= 1.41 \beta into that formual like 1.41 \beta = 2.29+1.41 \beta. So how do I use \alpha = 2.29+1.41 \beta (definition of acceleration as the time rate of change of velocity) to find the vales of alpha & beta?

Btw, the answer should be \alpha = 4.56 ms^{-2}, \beta=3.23 ms^{-3}.

 

[rock.freak667]

at t=4, the speed is constant and so is the direction of travel, so the velocity is constant.

What does this mean for the acceleration at t=4?

a(t)= 1.7α - 0.6β t, a(4) = ?

 

[roam]

at t=4, the speed is constant and so is the direction of travel, so the velocity is constant.

What does this mean for the acceleration at t=4?

a(t)= 1.7α - 0.6β t, a(4) = ?

oh, that works! Thanks!

I also don't get part (b). I use the formula a = \frac{v}{t} \Rightarrow v=at and since a =1.7 \alpha - 0.6 \beta t we have

15.5=(1.7 \alpha - 0.6 \beta t)t

15.5 = (1.41 \beta - 0.6 \beta t)t = 1.41 \beta t-0.6 \beta t^2

At t=4

15.5 = 5.64 \beta -9.6 \beta

\beta = -3.96

I don't know why my answer for beta is different from the correct answer (3.23 ms^{-3}). My answer is negative. By the way, why is it that the unit for beta is ms^{-3}?

 

[rock.freak667]

if a=dv/dt, then v=∫a dt.

Find ∫a dt to get v(t)

 

[roam]

if a=dv/dt, then v=∫a dt.

Find ∫a dt to get v(t)

Are you sure? Because this doesn't seem to work. Here I tried it:

a=1.7 \alpha - 0.6 \beta t

\int^{4}_{0} 1.7 \alpha - 0.6 \beta t = \int^{4}_{0} 1.41 \beta t - 0.6 \beta t

= 1.41 \beta t - \frac{0.6 \beta t^2}{2}|^4_0 = 5.64 \beta - 4.8 \frac{\beta}{2}=0

\frac{6.48 \beta}{2} \Rightarrow \beta = 0.30

This is still wrong because the answer must be 3.23.

 

[rock.freak667]

∫1.7α dt = 1.7αt

 

[roam]

∫1.7α dt = 1.7αt

I'm not quite sure what I'm supposed to be doing...now we have 1.7 \alpha t-(0.6 \beta)\2 t^2, for t=4 it is 6.8 \alpa -4.8 \beta. But if I substitute \alpha = 1.41 \beta into it, the expression becomes 1.7 \alpha t-(0.6 \beta)\2 t^2 =9.58 \beta - 4.8 \beta = 4.78 \beta. But this doesn't tell us anything about the value of beta! am I missing something?

 

[rock.freak667]

so you have v=1.7 \alpha t -(0.6 \beta)\frac{t^2}{2}

at t=4, v=15.5

 

[roam]

Thanks I figured it out.

Last question: determine how far this horse travels during this 4 s start up phase of the race. (correct answer is 41.3 m)

What's the best equation to use here? I know that x=vt, 15.5 \times 4 = 62 \neq 41.3.

 

[rl.bhat]

a = dv/dt = 1.7α - 0.6β*t
dv = (1.7α - 0.6β*t)*dt
v = 1.7α*t - 0.6β*t^2/2
dx = (1.7α*t - 0.6β*t^2/2)*dt
So x = (1.7α*t^2)/2 - (0.6β*t^3)/2*3
Substitute the values of α and β, and find x.