A four vector is a mathematical tool used in special relativity to describe the properties of a particle, including its position, momentum, and energy. It is represented by a four-dimensional vector with components (ct, x, y, z), where c is the speed of light and t, x, y, and z represent time and spatial coordinates.
To solve part (a) of the problem, we can use a four vector analysis. The four vector for the initial particle (Mo) can be written as (Mo, 0, 0, 0), since it is at rest in the laboratory. The four vector for the three identical particles after the decay can be written as (mo, E1, E2, E3), where E1, E2, and E3 represent the energies of particles 1, 2, and 3 respectively.
Since the total energy of the system is conserved, we can equate the initial and final four vectors to find the energies of particles 1 and 2: Mo = E1 + E2. Solving for E1 and E2, we get E1 = (3/5)Mo and E2 = (4/5)Mo.
The four vector for particle 3 can then be written as (mo, E1, E2, E3), where E3 is the energy of particle 3. Using the formula for relativistic energy, E = γmc^2, where γ is the Lorentz factor and m is the rest mass, we can calculate the speed of particle 3:
E3 = γmo c^2
E3 = mo c^2 / √(1 - v^2/c^2)
v^2 = (1 - (E3/mo)^2) c^2
v = c √(1 - (mo/Mo)^2)
Substituting the values for mo and Mo, we get v = c √(1 - (1/5)^2) = 0.98c. This means that particle 3 is moving at a speed of 0.98 times the speed of light, in a direction opposite to particle 2.
To solve part (b) of the problem, we can use the ratio of the rest masses of the initial and final particles: Mo/mo = 5. This means that the rest mass of the initial particle is five times greater than
