Hawking Radiation: Does an Astronaut Ever Cross the Horizon?

[Puffin]

Something I've been wondering for a while, but haven't been convinced by the answers I've received.

If an astronaut falls into a black hole, from the perspective of us outside he never actually reaches the horizon. From his perspective, he falls straight through and doesn't notice any particular problems at the horizon. However, if the black hole is emitting Hawking radiation, then it only has a finite lifetime. Even if it takes 10^100 years (according to a distant observer), the black hole will evaporate, by which time the astronaut still won't have crossed the event horizon. So, my question is, does the astronaut ever, even from his own point of view, cross the horizon, or does he find himself evaporating before he gets there?

Thinking about the mechanism of Hawking doesn't seem to help. Do the negative energy particles come out of the black hole towards the incoming astronaut to annihilate him? Do they chase him over the horizon and catch up with him while he's inside? Presumably he perceives the radiation to be being formed at a much greater rate than we do. Is it enough to destroy him before he reaches the horizon?

Thanks to anyone who can answer these.

 

[hellfire]

The free falling observer indeed would cross the horizon in a finite time without noticing any change. There is actually a conceptual challenge when putting both descriptions together, which is known as "black hole complementarity". You may be interested in this popular article by Leonhard Susskind:

http://staff.science.uva.nl/~jdeboer/gr/susskind.pdf

 

[tacman]

According to current theories, an astronaut falling into a black hole would eventually cross the event horizon and be unable to escape. However, the concept of Hawking radiation adds a new layer of complexity to this scenario. Hawking radiation is a process in which black holes emit particles due to quantum effects, eventually leading to their evaporation. This raises the question of whether an astronaut falling into a black hole would actually cross the event horizon or if they would evaporate before reaching it.

From the perspective of an outside observer, the astronaut would never actually cross the horizon. However, from the perspective of the astronaut, they would experience the effects of Hawking radiation and could potentially evaporate before reaching the horizon.

The mechanism of Hawking radiation is still not fully understood, so it is difficult to determine exactly how it would affect an astronaut falling into a black hole. Some theories suggest that the negative energy particles would come out of the black hole and annihilate the astronaut, while others propose that the radiation would chase the astronaut and catch up with them before they reach the horizon.

Ultimately, the fate of an astronaut falling into a black hole is still a topic of debate and ongoing research. While it is possible that they could evaporate before reaching the horizon, it is also possible that they would cross it and be unable to escape. Only further study and advancements in our understanding of black holes and Hawking radiation will provide a definitive answer to this question.