To determine the initial velocity of a ball thrown vertically to reach a ceiling 2.4 meters high, the conservation of energy principle can be applied, assuming no air resistance. The discussion suggests that the ball's upward and downward flight times are equal, allowing for the use of kinematic equations. Specifically, the equation vf² = vi² + 2ad can be utilized, where the final velocity (vf) at the peak is 0 m/s, acceleration (a) is due to gravity, and distance (d) is 2.4 m. The initial velocity (vi) can then be calculated by rearranging the equation, with time being the only missing variable. This approach provides a systematic way to find the initial velocity needed for the ball to reach the ceiling.