How do eddy currents affect magnet movement through non-magnetic materials?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the effects of using different materials, specifically PVC and aluminum, for constructing an actuator (solenoid with plunger) and how these materials influence the movement of magnets and the generation of eddy currents. Participants explore the implications of material choice on performance, particularly in high-speed applications and the potential for damping effects.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested
  • Experimental/applied

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants question the differences in using PVC versus aluminum for the actuator tube, noting that aluminum may intensify the magnetic field but could also lead to the plunger sticking.
  • Others suggest that using steel for the tube could increase the force available due to its higher permeability compared to aluminum.
  • One participant highlights that the plunger is made of steel and expresses uncertainty about how the tube material might positively or negatively influence performance.
  • It is noted that aluminum may increase energy dissipation due to induced eddy currents whenever the magnetic field changes, particularly when the plunger moves.
  • A participant raises a question about the significance of eddy currents, suggesting that they may only be a concern during continuous movement or AC operation of the actuator.
  • Another participant acknowledges that the effect of eddy currents will only occur when the actuator moves and expresses concern about the damping of motion rather than power loss.
  • There is a query about whether aluminum would be unsuitable for high-speed applications, indicating a potential limitation of the material.
  • One participant emphasizes that the strength of the eddy current effect is uncertain and suggests that high-speed is a relative term, implying that practical testing may be necessary to determine the impact.
  • A demonstration of eddy currents is described, illustrating how a magnet interacts with aluminum and the resulting "magnetic braking" effect, suggesting that a metallic enclosure may not be ideal for strong magnets.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the suitability of aluminum versus other materials like steel for actuator construction, particularly regarding performance in high-speed applications and the effects of eddy currents. The discussion remains unresolved with multiple competing perspectives on the implications of material choice.

Contextual Notes

Participants acknowledge limitations in their understanding of the specific effects of different tube materials on actuator performance, particularly regarding the strength of eddy currents and their influence on motion and energy dissipation.

Bern123
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Hi, what differences are if i use a pvc tube to build an actuator(solenoid with plunger) or alluminium? Alluminium can intensify magnetic field? but the plunger will stick with alluminium? or solenoid will have less force?
 
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Why not use steel? The permeability of steel will increase the force available. Aluminium is non-magnetic.
 
The plunger is in steel. I don't know how tube may influence in positive or in negative. I always see actuator in pvc tube.
 
The aluminum may increase the dissipation. Eddy currents will be induced every time the magnetic field changes. This change will happen when the plunger moves in the tube, for example.
Think about the experiment with a magnet falling in a copper or aluminum tube. The steel core will be magnetized, so it is a magnet moving in a conducting tube.
The damping may be a desirable effect, after all. It depends on the application.

See this, for example:

Your tube has much thinner walls, I suppose. So the effect will be much weaker.
But some dissipation will be there so why not avoid it, if you have no special reason for aluminum?
 
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nasu said:
The aluminum may increase the dissipation. Eddy currents will be induced every time the magnetic field changes. This change will happen when the plunger moves in the tube, for example.

I wondered about that but would it be a significant effect unless the actuator was being driven in-out-in-out continuously (or fed with AC, of course)?
 
It will be an effect (don't know how strong) only when the actuator moves. Or actuates.:)
Isn't this when it matters?

Oh, you mean there will be no power dissipation when it does not move.
You are right. I was more concerned about a damping of the motion itself rather than the power lost in the tube.
 
So, if i need high speed applications, alluminium will not be good?
 
I have no idea how strong the effect will be for your specific tube.
And high-speed is a relative concept.
Only trying you can find out.
 
Bern123 said:
So, if i need high speed applications, alluminium will not be good?

A nice demonstration of non-magnetic materials and eddy currents:

1. Use a strong magnet - the modern neodymium magnets works well; for a flat magnet use a flat piece of aluminum - wide enough and long enough to work as a slide.

2. Show that the magnet is not attracted to the aluminum

3. Place the aluminum slide flat on the table, with the magnet at one end

4. Now slowly lift the magnet end of the slide; the magnet will begin to move down the slide ...

5. But as the angle of elevation increases, the magnet will slow down - due to the induced eddy currents. This is "magnetic braking".

A thicker aluminum slide makes for a more dramatic effect.

So for your solenoid I would avoid a metallic enclosure if the magnet is strong.

This site describes some other demonstrations; but the video didn't work for me:
https://www.kjmagnetics.com/blog.asp?p=eddy-currents

This video shows the demonstration of a magnet falling through a copper tube:
 
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